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Students can experience conflict in educational institutions. This study aimed at exploring various types of conflict and conflict resolution strategies among the university students. For this exploration two research instruments (TOCQ and CRI) were used. The population of the study was all the university level students of Islamabad. Sample of 75 students was selected randomly (25 were males and 50 were females) from the target population, who’s ages ranged from 20-50 years, family income levels ranged from Rs.25,000-Rs.100,000 per month. After data collection it was analyzed with statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), various statistical analyses were performed to achieve the research objective such as mean, standard deviation, correlation. The results of the study revealed that male students experience more inter-individual and intra-individual conflicts than the female students. On the other hand female students experience more Goal-conflict than their male counterparts. Male preferred conflict resolution style is confrontation whereas female use compromising and withdrawing as a strategy of conflict resolution. Older students experience more conflict than the younger ones. Moreover stressed, work overload, personality differences, attitudinal differences and frustration were underlying causes of student conflict at university level.

In this paper experimentally investigated error-free underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system over 7m path in laboratory tap water with up to 46.808dB and BER less than 2.487×10-6. The laser diode source of wavelength 532 nm with 50mW has modulated by intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) technique, BER and S/N have inspected in an underwater optical wireless communication channel with five different water channels types. These are tap water, different concentration of Maalox (Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3) in order to obtain high turbid water and salt with Maalox. The analysis of BER has achieved for pulse width modulation (PWM) to transmit a text from optical transmitter to receiver. Results shows that salt and Maalox content decreases the received power, S/N and increase in BER. Also, that 532nm wavelength is the suitable choice for a clear water channel.

Is reality continuous or discrete ? As for the matter and the energy , both are composed of concrete elements : photons , electrons , molecules…Therefore it is pertinent to ask whether spacetime is made of any type of discrete , elementary ingredients . A preliminary approach to this issue is presented . It consists of numerical and geometric equivalences. The introduction of few parameters will help us to analyze some physical and cosmological subjects.

Biomass is a renewable energy source refers to living and recently dead biological materials that can reduce green house effect and clean surroundings. To estimate tree biomass individually from imagery, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between attributes of stand structure obtained by field measurement and remote sensing image.This study was carried out to estimate tree biomass in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) campus. Five plots were established (40 m x 40 m) and all trees with diameters at breast high (dbh) more than 30 cm , tree height and canopy size were measured. Each trees biomass were calculated by non-destructive method. Results show that tree volume is ranged from 1.75 m3 to 24.73 m3, wood density is ranged from 0.99 t/m3 to 14.10 t/m3. The overall wood densities for five plots (30 trees) are 23.35 t/m3. Meanwhile the biomass estimated is 7,644 t/ha. Study demonstrate strong correlations (p < 0.05) between field measurement and IKONOS tree canopy estimates (r2 = 0.95). The results obtained from the analysis are encouraging especially canopy measurement where it can be incorporated to the existing mensuration models. Estimating tree biomass through satellite images are recommended because remote sensing through image processing has potential to estimate biomass in large area.

Disorder of urea and electrolytes is a potential health hazard. However, the determination of these parameters in human blood was neglected by laboratories in many hospitals. Here, standard methods and procedures adopted by World Health Organization (WHO) were used to determine percentage disorders from the amount of urea and electrolytes obtained in human blood of patients attending department of chemical pathology, Ahmadu Bello University teaching hospital, Shika, Zaria. Out of one hundred and thirty (130) blood samples, 48(36.92%) were significantly positive. It was found that disorders increased with age, with percentage disorders of 30.76% among those aged 35-54 years. The disorder has no any gender difference but it varies significantly among patients with kidney and heart problems (29.92%). The determination for amount of urea and electrolytes in human blood using the standard methods adopted by WHO is therefore necessary for early diagnosis.

Past shapes the future. Knowledge of the past experience has always been a good guide of understanding today and future. Related to this fact, modern Foreign Language Learning and Teaching (henceforth FLLT) and technology have been commonly identified with computer and internet technologies due to the popularity of computational technologies since 1960s. However, before 1960s, technology and FLLT were also bound together as FLLT after 1800s has always paced parallel to the technological inventions. The rapid development of approaches, techniques, and methods has been accompanied by technology, and many technologies have been adapted to FLLT. Beyond any doubt, modern FLLT today is shaped by computational technologies. Nevertheless, the issue of FLLT technology before computers is still vague and blurred. This obscurity dims the view on the relation between modern technologies and FLLT and causes many technological trial and errors today. This study embraces the invention of the computers as a turning point and scrutinizes BC and AD of technology in FLLT by focusing on the impact of technological innovations on FLLT within 1800- 1957 and establishes correlations of past and present experience for better future insights.

This paper provides a performance comparison between four of the most common symmetric key cryptography algorithms: AES(Rijndael), Blowfish, Twofish and Serpent. The comparison has been conducted by running four encryption algorithms to process different sizes of data blocks with any extension of files to evaluate the algorithm's encryption/decryption speed. Simulation has been conducted using java language

Type I neurofibromatosis (NF) is the most common autosomal dominant disease. It concerns one in 3000 births, the penetrance is close to 100%. Cranio-maxillofacial region is concerned in 10% of the cases. We are reporting the case of a patient who has been surgically cared for in the department of stomatology and maxillofacial surgery at the Rabat specialty hospital, for a nasal plexiform neurofibromatosis with a good post-operative evolution and a very satisfactory esthetic result.

Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by a monoclonal population of mature B-cell lymphocytes. It is rarely associated with cardiac involvement. Pericardial effusion is one of the most common incidental findings in cancer patients, which significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. Thus, early detection, adequate treatment, and understanding of pericardial diseases are necessary to help improve the quality of life of cancer patients. An individual treatment plan should be established, taking into account cancer stage, the patient's prognosis, local availability and experience. We report the case of a SLL involving the pericardium.

In modern engine design, to reach a more compact and optimized cooling system, exploiting nucleate boiling in thermally critical regions is required. Several studies have attempted to enhance the nucleate boiling heat transfer. This paper reviews the most important issues (i.e. surface roughness, composition of the liquid, electric field, vibration, orientation of the heated surface, surfactant addition, pressure and velocity) and their effects on nucleate boiling heat transfer.