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The IRM strategy was devised for pest management in Bt and non-Bt cotton was implemented and evaluated in cotton growing villages of Warangal district in a Telangana state of India during the year 2015-16. The application of insecticides was moderate in IRM villages i.e, Kannaipally & Kanchanpally and the insecticide consumption was high in non IRM village i.e. Gabbeta. The whole crop season was divided into “4” window periods. The chemicals like Monocrotophos was given to the plants by stem application method in IRM villages. Stem application is employed as only less amount of insecticide is utilized, it doesn’t have any effect on the non target and other useful insects, and also there will be no spilling of the insecticide here and there. The number of insects per 3 leaves per plant reduced to a great extent in IRM villages. This eventually leads to more productivity and less cost of production in IRM villages than that of the non-IRM village. The Aphid, Jassid, Thrips and Whitefly population ranged 13.35, 0.82, 10.04 and 0.31/ 3 leaves in IRM villages while, it was 17.24, 1.04, 10.32 and 0.32/ 3 leaves in non –IRM village. The mean cost of sprayings was higher in non-IRM villages (Rs.3968) as compared to IRM villages (Rs.2301). Cotton yield was higher in IRM adopted villages (17.7 q/ha) as compared to non-IRM village (17.1 q/ha) and net profit per/ha was more in IRM villages (Rs.18, 910) than non-IRM villages (Rs.8,860). Farmers, by adopting IRM strategies realized higher net returns by saving in plant protection cost due to less number of insecticidal sprays and increased seed cotton yield.

Stress is a part and parcel of modern day life. Everyone remain in stress for either short period or long period depending on their life style. It is well known fact that during stress epinephrine concentration in body rises several times. Now a days every one remain in stress for either short or long period due to changed life style and secrete increase amount of epinephrine in body according to duration of stress. Experimental group receives epinephrine@100 ng/kg b.w and 200 ng/kg b.w on day 1 and 14th of experiments and sacrificed after 4th week. Serum were collected for biochemical assay and tissues for histological study. Glucose level were incresed after increase in epinephrine concentration in mice. Lipid peroxidation level were also increases in stressed group of mice. Hepatic cells and central vein were observed in degenerated condition. Beta cells degeneration were more in comparision to alpha cells in epinephrine administered group of mice. Thus it is concluded from entire study that increased stress causes increased level of glucose while lipid peroxidation level were also increased. Hepatic cells and beta cells of pancreas were degenerated which finally leads to diabetes in mice.

The present study examines the relationship between individual characteristics and effectiveness of human resources staff of the University of Kermanshah focuses light. This descriptive study based on survey and is branching out. Inventory data is collected. In order to measure the individual characteristics of human resources At standard questionnaire "Bass, and Aldryj Valnzy" and part of the questionnaire has been developed based on the model used is Talkut Parsons The reliability of individual features 0.85 and the reliability of the 0.87 was obtained Both the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha over 0.7 are thus the reliability of both questionnaires were required. Statistical volume of about 470 employees Glider (non-faculty members) are Based on the sample was selected as the Morgan Dujy 270 finally 291 questionnaires were collected. For the normal data obtained from the Kolmogorof test - Nuf smear was normal and the test results confirmed the data. Spearman correlation test research hypotheses, were approved And normal test results confirmed the data Hypothesis test of solidarity with my Speer, were approved and they proved positive and significant effect This means that the individual characteristics of human resources is stronger The study population will increase the effectiveness of staff.

The Nyando River Basin experiences floods nearly every year, which is a key factor contributing to high poverty levels in Nyando District. Prior to this study, none had ever assessed the effect of floods on community livelihood sustainability in the Basin. This study investigated the influence of Floods on Community Livelihood Sustainability and Development in Nyando River Basin, Nyando Sub-county, Kenya on: Household food security and shelter status. A cross-sectional design was applied to source data from 561 household heads and 22 officials of humanitarian agencies operating in the Nyando River Basin. Probability and non-probability sampling procedures were applied to select participants, while the analysis yielded descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation with Chi-square statistic and one-way analysis of variance. The study area was divided into two zones - high-risk (within 2 kilometres) and low-risk (more than 2 kilometres).The results show that the floods increased the fishing potential but reduced the potential of crop farming and livestock production. The damage was most severe for maize crop (63.2%), beans (61.9%), poultry (62.6%) and goats (36.5%). The two zones were significantly different in terms of access to food (?2 = 23.151, df = 3 and a p-value = 0.022); the duration for which pupils stayed out of school due to floods (?2 = 22.861; df = 3 and p-value = 0.000. However, there was no significant difference regarding shelter type. In this regard, the analysis obtained a computed ?2 value of 2.166, with 3 degrees of freedom and a p-value of 0.155, which was not significant. This suggests that the high-risk and low-risk zones were not significantly different in terms of the type of shelter prior to the floods. However, after the floods the proportion dwelling in temporary structures increased from 10.6% to 38.5% in the high-risk zone and from 3.0% to 11.6% in the low-risk zone. Besides, the proportion accessing drinking water from open sources increased significantly during the floods. The study concludes that: appropriate risk reduction interventions are likely to safeguard community livelihoods, while increased investments in education is likely to reduce community vulnerability to floods, in the long-term. The study recommends the need to: develop crop calendars to guide farming activities; construct food stores in higher grounds to support grain banking; establish a housing kitty for vulnerable groups. The study further recommends the need to strengthen the constituency bursary kitty for children affected by floods; sustain health education to improve knowledge about the safety of drinking water and the need to equip households with knowledge and skills of modern fishing technology for household food security.

This study centered on influence of social media on acquisition of secretarial skill drawing our empirical analysis from. Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. The population of the study was given as 378 and. simple random sampling technique was used to randomly select 100 representatives. The survey design was adopted with questionnaire as the major instrument for data, collection. In course of the study, it was found, among others that there is no significant difference in means response that social media influence acquisition of speed and. accuracy in typing among the students. That there is no significant difference in the means response of the students that social media have influence on productivity output in typing. Consequently, the study recommended among others that students strive gaining from the position aspect of social media than its side effect. That secretaries be trained and re-trained, to use of modern technology.

Intradural disc herniation (IDH) is a rarely reported cause of radicular pain. Preoperative imaging can be useful for diagnosis, but differentiation of intra-dural tumors from large disc hernias is difficult and intraoperative findings are required for definitive diagnosis. We present here a case of IDH, which was depicted by high-resolution MRI. It is very representative of the difficulty to make the diagnosis and illustrates the added value of high-resolution MRI when an atypical disc herniation is suspected.

It is important to evaluate the capacity of soils to support arable crop production for proper land use planning and sustainable management. The soils developed on schists in southern guinea savannah zone (Kabba) and older granites in dry upland rainforest zone (Ado-Ekiti) were mapped and classified with Land Capability Classification. Profile pits were dug and described in sixteen pedons delineated at both locations. Soils samples were collected from the pedons for the analysis of some soil physico-chemical properties. Data on climate and physiographic features were also collected. The capability groupings of the soils are as follows: KA-IIIS3,4; KB, KF, KH, AB and AF- IIIS4; KC, KD, KE, KG and AA- IIIS4, while AC, AD, AE and AG were VS4, VS3,4, IVS4 and VW2S4.The capabilities of the 16 pedons were limited by low nutrient capacity, shallow depth and wetness due to high water table. Appropriate fertility management scheme and land use were suggested for both sites.

The basic function of the academic library is to assist and support the study and teaching that goes on in the academic institution. The developing countries need to provide various services in the college libraries in order to sustain the development. The major aim of comparative research is to identify similarities and differences between social entities. Comparative research seeks to compare and contrast nations, cultures, societies, and institutions. The data was collected from Patna College, Patna and Science College, Patna. Both the libraries have shortage of professional manpower, physical space & amenities. Even though Patna College, Patna has its own library building, space is not sufficient for the users. There is no provision of separate library building in Science College, Patna. Both the libraries should provide ergonomic reading area for their users. The budget of both the libraries is not adequate. From the above survey it also found that, with the limited resources available, both the libraries are providing traditional service to the good extent, but lacking in use of information and communication technologies, only circulation and catalogue are automated. There are no e-resources like e-books, e-journals, online databases available to the users of these libraries.

Approaches and methods of teaching and learning ( P & P ) are constantly changing . Recent developments show that the learning -oriented students are prime dvelopmention with a major radikal. Duties of an instructor or teacher is to facilitate students' learning . To fulfill this task , the instructor or teacher should not only be able to provide an excellent learning environment and harmonious , but they also create effective teaching . This means that teachers should create a learning environment that can stimulate student interest and always think about the welfare and needs. In the learning sessions, teachers are often faced with students who differ in their abilities. This requires the expertise of teachers to identify teaching and learning strategies. This means that the teacher can determine the approach, choosing methods and set specific techniques appropriate to the development and abilities of students. The chosen strategy, as well as potential influenced students to learn actively, it should also be able to help to analyze the concept or idea and be able to impress students and can produce a meaningful learning. Teachers teaching is the most important agent in determining the level of student achievement. This study focused on the type and method of teaching and its impact on student achievement in the subject Living Skills of the Form Two students of SMK Sri Gading. Questionnaires were used as instruments in this study. In this study, Spearman correlation test is used to measure the association between teaching approach with student achievement. Results of this study show that teachers of Form Two Life Skills teaching approach problem solving in the process of teaching and learning. The results also showed that they are also engaged in an inductive approach to teaching. The mean value is at a high valuation. However, in terms of comparison of the two approaches, a small difference in making sense of the process of teaching and learning Two Living Skills teacher at SMK Sri Gading, Batu Pahat, Johor, the two approaches used in classroom teaching.