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In this paper we propose redundancy management of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs), utilizing multipath routing to answer user queries in the presence of unreliable and malicious nodes. The key concept of our redundancy management is to exploit the tradeoff between energy consumption vs. the gain in reliability, timeliness, and security to maximize the system useful lifetime. We formulate the tradeoff as an optimization problem for dynamically determining the best redundancy level to apply to multipath routing for intrusion tolerance so that the query response success probability is maximized while prolonging the useful lifetime. Furthermore, we consider this optimization problem for the case in which a voting-based distributed intrusion detection algorithm is applied to detect and evict malicious nodes in a HWSN. We develop a novel probability model to analyze the best redundancy level in terms of path redundancy and source redundancy, as well as the best intrusion detection settings in terms of the number of voters and the intrusion invocation interval under which the lifetime of a HWSN is maximized. We then apply the analysis results obtained to the design of a dynamic redundancy management algorithm to identify and apply the best design parameter settings at runtime in response to environment changes, to maximize the HWSN lifetime.

Reservoirs containing heavy oil are usually produced using any of the enhanced thermal oil recovery techniques. Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technique was used to extract heavy oil from the reservoir investigated. With the CMG STARS software, a theoretical analysis was performed and a numerical model was developed to simulate gravity-assisted steam-flood for a well that was subjected to thermal recovery technique where energy in the form of heat was supplied into the reservoir. Development of the simulation model was used for history matching. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the relationship between viscosity and temperature. Additional well placement was also modeled for production optimization. The methods applied and results obtained provide a platform for predicting production performance and establishes ways to improve recovery.

It is astonishing to note that, Special Relativity Theory Equations are incongruous beyond half the speed of light, by mere Number Theory considerations, specifically ‘time dilation’ and ‘length contraction’ equations. Nevertheless, there is an exception to this theory, for particles of masses less than 1kg, or time intervals between events which are less than 1s or length contraction less than 300000km ,where it could be absolutely accurate as Einstein predicted and therefore it implies, these could change upto only 13.3%.

We are very happy to announce that from 1st April 2016, Dr. Aarti Tolia has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Law. Dr. Aarti Tolia working in Law School, SNDT Women’s University (LLM), Mumbai, India. The appointment of Dr. Aarti Tolia as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 6th December 2013, Dr. Shazia Zamir has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Education. Dr. Shazia Zamir is currently working as Lecturer in Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. The appointment of Dr. Shazia Zamir as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 17th September 2013, Dr.Haider Kamil Ziadan Al-Saadi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Science. Dr.Haider Kamil Ziadan Al-Saadi is currently working as Dean of College of Science, Biology Department, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq. The appointment of Dr.Haider Kamil Ziadan Al-Saadi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The present study is carried out to examine the effects of rotation and Hall current on unsteady natural convection flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past an impulsively started vertical plate in a porous medium under the influence of transversely applied uniform magnetic field. Exact solution of energy equation is obtained in closed form by Laplace transform technique, and solution of momentum equation is obtained by defining a complex variable. The expression for the shear stress at the plate due to the primary and secondary flows is obtained. The results obtained are shown by graphs and table.

This paper discusses the plight of the writing spirit among African ruling political elites. This plight is historically situated and it is subjected to a comparative perspective. While it is not the view of the author that writing is always the most effective means that can be used by political leaders to communicate with the public, communicating with the public through writing is one of the useful information transferring tools that ought not to be ignored. Through a trend analysis, the paper observes that unlike most of first African heads of state and governments who were keen to academic writing most of contemporary African leaders have lost interest in writing, with only a handful of leaders still involved in academic scholarship. Some of the factors that are attributed to this decline include; lack of ideological backing, the growing sense of insecurity among political leaders, the transformation of ruling parties and the influence of financial donors, just to mention some.

This study empirically investigates the extent of relationship between accounting information system and performance of selected companies in Nigeria. A total of 140 questionnaires were administered out of which 128 respondents returned theirs which represents 91% response rate considered adequate for this study. The Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient statistical technique was employed for this study and used to test the hypotheses. The two hypotheses tested in this study revealed that accounting information has a significant relationship with the performance of companies in Nigeria. Based on this finding, the study recommends that Companies should constantly embrace the ever unfolding trend in accounting information systems as it is capable of enhancing the performance of companies. Since Accounting and Finance Departments are the two key departments which are the sources through which accounting information is implemented and used for effective and efficient management of finances of every company, management should organize regular training and re-training of the staff and expose them to the current demand and realities of accounting information systems. Keywords: Accounting information system, Performance of Companies.

This research examines the impact involving macroeconomic variables like inflation, real exchange rate and interest rate on GDP of Pakistan within the light involving 32 year time series data from 1980 to 2011. Research was a secondary data based, Descriptive statistics and multiple regression investigation was used to analyze the information. Econometric model used by analysis was comprised of GDP seeing that dependent variable even though the independent factors were interest rate, exchange rate and inflation rate. Data taken from intending for these variables through the website of the State Bank of Pakistan in addition to the World Bank. The individual significance of the variables, overall value and fairness of the econometric model analyzed. The study found that there's a significant effect of inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate of GDP. So far as the indicators of co-efficient are concerned, the inflation rate interest rate had a negative impact on GDP while exchange rate possessed positive relation to GDP. Based on the results and analysis it is suggested that the Government adopted tight monetary policy due to inflation because the results suggest that inflation provides significant effect but negative relation to GDP. In the case of developing countries like the Pakistan quality value of the exchange rate must be maintained since the results show that there's a considerable and constructive impact involving exchange rate with GDP. Ceiling of interest rate should reduce to boost the economy.