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Nitrate is a major pollutant of groundwater in semiarid, agricultural dominated areas. An attempt has been made to understand the level, distribution of nitrate in the groundwater in parts of Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. Thirty three groundwater samples were collected and analysed for major physic-chemical as well as nitrate concentration. Nitrate concentration exceeded the permissible limit of 45mg/l in Thirty nine percent of samples. Spatial distribution diagram of Nitrate shows a higher concentration in the southwest and central part of the district. Fertilizer as well as the failure of proper sewage systems is identified as the major cause for nitrate contamination.

This paper presents the modeling and design of State Feedback with Integral controller on Twin Rotor MIMO System. In this two SISO systems are considered (i) main rotor (ii) tail rotor. Main Rotor is used to control the pitch axis and the Tail Rotor is used to control the yaw axis. By using the state feedback the both the axis are controlled as desire. The main aim of this paper is to compare the control performance between State Feedback and PID controller that is designed with Relay feedback method. The entire work has been carried out in MATLAB environment and the performance is compared in the terms of settling time, peak overshoot, offset and overall performance. The regulatory response of the system is also presented.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st October 2013, Mr.Ayad Mohammed Nattah has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mechanical Engineering. Mr.Ayad Mohammed Nattah is currently working as Assistant Lecturer in Babylon University, Iraq. The appointment of Mr.Ayad Mohammed Nattah as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 16th April 2013, Mrs.H. Basak Yildirim has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Solar Energy Estimation, Solar Energy Technologies, and Energy Economics. Mrs.H. Basak Yildirim is currently working as Research Assistant, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Adana Science and Technology University /Adana, Turkey. The appointment of Mrs.H. Basak Yildirim as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The present research is about the omission of schwa in Pakistani English as observed in the electronic media of Pakistan and can be taken as an extension of the works carried out by Tariq Rahman, Robert J. Baumgardner, and Riaz Hassan. The research has been carried out in order to determine the variations emerging in the variety of English used in Pakistan. It has been observed that this variety abounds in phonological deviations which are so recurrent in their frequency that they have emerged as a distinct linguistic feature of this variety. Among these phonological variations schwa has been found to be the most peculiar in its behaviour. In order to determine its peculiar behaviour the research was conducted on 750 participants taken from 200 current affairs programmes from four domestic news channels, and the participants were observed for the phonological variations in their speech. It was found out that omission of schwa is a regular feature of Pakistani English.

In this paper, Bayes estimator is derived for the parameter of the exponential model with presence of outliers based on records value. This estimator compared with estimator when we not use of records value.

The English pronunciation of the Panjabi learners is highly aggressive giving rise to defective pattern of speech in English. For example they don’t use labio-dental sounds or they are unaware of silent sounds in English words like /m/ in tomb. The present paper aims to analyze the phonetic and phonological patterns of English and Panjabi as taught by teachers in some schools. The structural approach is preferred over other approaches in this paper. This approach suits to English and Panjabi as the phonological structures of both the languages is of contrastive nature rather than identical or similar one. Both the languages are spoken and used in teaching. The structure is taken as an arrangement and combination of phonological units, not in the sense that of as grammarians use like word structure, noun formation, morphological constructions, etc. Veritably, Panjabi is written as it is spoken, whereas English is not spoken, as it is written, thereby causing doubts in the minds of the learners.

The use of tractors for agricultural works showed an important role to mechanized agricultural sector. A repairable mechanical system (as agricultural tractor) is subject to deterioration or repeated failure. In this study, the regression model was used to predict the failure rate of MF399 tractor. The machine failure pattern was carefully studied and key factors affecting the failure rate were identified in five regions of Khouzestan province. Results showed that different annual use hours (AUH) and maintenance policies affected failure rate. According to the data, the MF399 tractors included in 300-1000 AUH were commonly in a randomized breakdown period during their useful life but these tractors tend to enter the wear out period in the 1200-2000 AUH.

We are very happy to announce that from 19th December 2012, Prof. A.Siles Balasingh has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science. Prof. A.Siles Balasingh is currently working as Asst. Professor in Department of Computer Science and Engineering in St.Joseph University in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam. The appointment of Prof. A.Siles Balasingh as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 3rd August 2011, Prof. Nawab ali khan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Commerce and Management. Prof. Nawab ali khan is currently working at Department of Commerce,Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh-202002, U.P. (India). The appointment of Prof. Nawab ali khan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief