Archives-j 

A new series of Cr(III) , Co(II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes with the chalcone ligand were studied on the growth of Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) cell Line in human by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug cisplatin (cis-pt) as appositive control. The cancer cells were treated with different concentration and cis-pt after 72 hr. exposure time. The cytotoxic activity was tested by inhibition rate as parameter. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for each three treatments when the inhibition rates were increased. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by cup plate diffusion method. The results indicate the enhanced activity of metal complexes over the parent ligands.

The use of sumac plant extract as corrosion inhibitor for ?-brass in nitric acid solution was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) measurements. It was found that sumac extract behaves as inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing sumac concentration, but decreases with raising the temperature. The adsorption of sumac on the ?-brass surface follows Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The effect of the temperature on the corrosion rate of ?-brass in 1M nitric acid was studied. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that sumac extract is mixed type inhibitor and the results obtained from different techniques are in good agreement.

TiO₂ and TiO₂-SiO₂ nanocomposite was synthesized by sol-gel method at room temperature using titanium tetraisopropoxide with ethanol and water mixture as Titania source and Silicic acid as Silica source. Characterization of the product was carried out by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). An average grain size of ~13nm was obtained for TiO₂ and ~2nm for TiO₂-SiO₂, as estimated by the Debye-Scherrer’s equation. From the FTIR results, peaks were observed at 3408 cm^-1 and 1627 cm^-1 in both samples due to stretching and bending vibrations of -OH groups. 

Abstract Quality of Education and training is a major consideration worldwide. It is even a more crucial issue in the technical vocation Education and training (TVET). The determinants of the quality of education and training include among others the quality of teachers, learners, the learning environment, facilities for learning and the curriculum. This paper articulates briefly the historical development of the TVET and TVET teacher training in Kenya with a view to highlighting how quality of education and training may be promoted. It looks at the organisation of education and training and lessons that may be advanced. It is based on literature review for historical developments and an analytical survey that was carried out to establish the views of presently serving TVET teachers in Kenya. The paper concludes that there is a need for continuous reform and upgrading of teacher skills, that the facilities for training should be as close and similar to the facilities found at the workplace, and that the institution–industry links should be strengthened and be made more mutually beneficial.

Since the outset of its advent, international human rights law has been evolving. Today, human rights law regulations encompass a wide range of binding rules regarding different areas ranging from right to life to right to access to the employment. International human rights law include various human rights which can be categorized into three generations of rights, namely civil and political rights (first generation), social and economic and cultural rights (second generation) and collective rights (third generation). This paper examines the rights which are economic and social rights and are more specifically labor-related rights in international human rights law and the effect of this system on international labor law. These rights include rights of the workers to have decent working conditions, right to access to employment, right to have equal treatment at occupation, right to have equal pay for equal work. Much of the labor standards found in international labor law today, have human rights dimensions such as access to the employment, non-discrimination, decent working conditions in occupation, etc. Thus, much of human rights regulations relating to labor are now found in domestic and international labor law. This paper also examines the dimensions of the effect of human rights law on the development and evolution of labor standards.

The conservation of towns is a growing field in Malaysia. In the context of cultural heritage, the exceptional conservation practice in this country has enabled Malacca and Georgetown to be chosen as two of UNESCO’s world heritage town. The conservation of towns emerges from the awareness that cultural heritage possesses eminent uniqueness which must be conserved in order to safeguard it from extinction. In the context of Malaysia, the traditional shop lots are the remaining cultural heritage from the past, for the present and future. The variety of shapes and architectures of the shop lots makes them unique and should be preserved for the future generation. Therefore, the efforts to conserve a city or town usually concern the conservation of traditional shop lots. Nevertheless, the conservation efforts usually put more emphasis on facade that an equally unique element is overlooked. The element is the walkways of the shop lots. This article aims to discuss the need and significance of traditional shop lot walkways as one of the elements in the conservation of towns. The need for shop lot walkways has an apparent motive in term of a town’s image or in the epistemology perspective of the town conservation field itself.

This study investigates the factor capital which leads towards the dearth of entrepreneurship. Micro and macro enterprises play an important role in the economy of any country, but in Kotli Azad Jammu & Kashmir these enterprises are rare. This research was conducted through a self adminstered questionnaire. The sample size for this study was 100 and these organizations were facing the problems of entrepreneurial dearth. Data collected through questionnaire were statistically analyzed, correlation was used to test the research hypotheses. This study provides valuable insights that, one of the main reason of dearth of entrepreneurship is lack of capital. Many entrepreneurs faced lot of problem in accessing the finance through financial institutions. The significance of this research study lies in the fact that it fills an important gap in the literature, offering a deeper understanding of how the access to capital affects the entrepreneurship in Kotli AJ&K. Future researchers can conduct similar studies on other sectors in Kotli AJ&K and findings of this research study can be incorporated in entrepreneurship policies and guidelines.

Polypyrrole-TiO₂ nano composite samples with various dopant percentages of TiO₂ were synthesized by chemical oxidative method at room temperature. The samples were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), SEM with EDAX, UV vis Spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) and Conductivity measurements. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate that the conductivity of nano composites increases with TiO₂ content. The doped H₂SO₄ may interact with PPy by donating either hydrogen sulfate (HSO₄) or sulfate (SO₄^2-) ions as dopants. SEM images confirm that introduction of higher content of TiO₂   leads to the formation of nano spheres.

AC-5%Co has been synthesized successfully by impregant method using Tra Bac activated carbon (AC) and cobalt chloride as precursors. The characterization of prepared materials showed that Co species which exists in oxide form (denoted as CoOx) distribute on surface of AC with the size ranging from 20 to 25 nm. The CoOx almost does not affect to the m-xylene adsorption of AC and m-xylene adsorption processes occurred mainly at micropores with two types of AC adsorption sites. The study on the catalytic activity revealed that the oxidation of m-xylene by oxygen in the air occurred mainly at cobalt oxide sites with the conversion degree ranging from 23.2 to 51.8% at the temperature range of 180-250oC with the WHSV of 1941.75 hour-1 and relatively low activation energy (21.16 kJ mol-1? 5 kcal mol-1).

It is said that the theory of relativity and quantum theory are independent of each other. Their relationship is like water and oil. Now, it is very important for modern physics to synthesize them. In Physics and mathematics, Super String theory is studied, but instead of it, the ten-dimensional world appears. Our world is a three-dimensional world . What is the ten-dimensional world? It is more difficult than the string which is of Plank length. In the ten dimensional world, physics is facing darkness and nothingness which man can not explain with the traditional physical words. The solution depends upon philosophy. I tried to synthesize them and succeeded. The following is an outline of my synthesis. Utility and relativity of mathematical truth Mathematical truth is not absolute but relative. In the universe ( outside the solar system ),there is no perfect line. Because , by the gravitation of large astronomical bodies , space and lines are curved. Mathematical figure and numeration depend upon the promise of mankind. These are not absolute. Physics, which is grounded upon mathematics in certainty, is also relative. It expresses not the whole of the universe but a part of the universe. Community and difference between the theory of relativity and quantum theory Community is the negation of absoluteness of physical attributes.?Difference is the assessment for mathematics. The theory of relativity relies on mathematics but quantum theory does not always rely on it. According to circumstances, Niels Bohr and quantum physicists abandoned a frame of reference. The origin of the theory of relativity. The origin of quantum theory. In short, the theory of relativity and quantum theory are not perfect, they only irradiate a part of the universe. Man can reach the whole of the universe only by the philosophical intuition of nothingness and infinite ( the principle of nothingness and love ).