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The FT-Raman and FT-Infrared spectra of Guaiacol have been recorded in the regions 3500?100 cm?1 and 4000?500 cm?1 respectively. The observed frequencies were assigned to various modes of vibrations on the basis of normal coordinate calculations, assuming C1 point group symmetry. The assignment of fundamental vibrations agrees well with the calculated frequencies. Second order perturbation energies and electron density (ED) transfer from filled lone pairs of Lewis base to unfilled Lewis acid sites of Guaiacol are discussed on the basis of NBO analysis. The theoretically calculated harmonic frequencies are scaled by common scale factor. The observed and the calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement. The thermodynamic functions were obtained for the range of temperature 100–1000 K. The polarizability, first hyperpolarizability, anisotropy polarizability invariant has been computed using quantum chemical calculations. The chemical parameters were calculated from the HOMO and LUMO values. The NMR chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA) parameters were also computed for the title molecule.

Human life in society is a function of several factors and its quality among various styles is thinking worthy. Definitely student life in Iran has said it has its own style. Separation from family and join them together with the stresses of student life style is one of their alienation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social self-alienation among students of Islamic Azad University branch of Shoushtar with the survey method done in 2012. The results were analyzed using SPSS. The results of the present study also shows a significant relationship between the variables of social distance with social institutions, the media, socio - economic, parental age, gender and level of self-discipline and social alienation.

A three-stage algorithm of combining sequential heuristic methods into a Hopfield neural network is presented for the channel assignment problem in cellular mobile communication systems in this paper. The goal of this problem is to find a channel assignment to requested calls with the minimum number of channels subject to interference constraints between channels. The three-stage algorithm consists of: 1) the regular interval assignment stage; 2) the greedy assignment stage; and 3) the neural-network assignment stage. In the first stage, the calls in a cell determining the lower bound on the total number of channels are assigned channels at regular intervals. In the second stage, the calls in a cell with the largest degree and its adjacent cells are assigned channels by a greedy heuristic method. In the third stage, the calls in the remaining cells are assigned channels by a Hopfield neural network. The performance is verified through solving well-known benchmark problems. Especially for Sivarajan’s benchmark problems, my three-stage algorithm first achieves the lower bound solutions in all of the 12 instances.

A biogeochemical field study was carried out in the outskirts of Mumbai, where agricultural soils were contaminated by potentially toxic elements. Amaranthus cruentus is an important part of the diet in the state of Maharashtra and thus it was selected as a test plant. Environmental pollution is one of the severe problems that are faced by Mumbai and agriculture is also affected due to it. Analysis of lead and cadmium, two of the most hazardous heavy metals was done from the soil samples and its accumulation patterns in the test plant were studied. Lead and cadmium analysis was done using ICP-AAS to determine if these vegetable samples are fit for human consumption

The alternative work options play an important role in the public organizations in the macro level. These alternative work options of job sharing and job rotation for organization outcome of organizational commitment have been neglected in the human resource studies. As a result, it holds great promise for benefiting organization over time in term of returns. In this paper, we presented and discussed a conceptual framework intended to capture the current domain of new work structures that can be adaptable into public organizations. The proposed framework could guide future researchers to better understand and integrate the alternative work options into organizational work structures.

This study analyses the production cost and profitability of paddy cultivation in Bhandara district, Maharashtra, India. It categorizes farmers into two groups based on their farm size. The research aims to identify factors affecting production cost and profitability variations between the two groups. The study intends to examine the performance of paddy in Bhandara districts during the period 2023 to 2024. The secondary data on pertaining to area, production and productivity were collected from the various Government published sources i.e. Statistical Abstract of Maharashtra State, District Socio-economic Review, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Maharashtra. The results of the study indicate, at overall period, the growth rate of area was positively significant at 1 per cent level of significance in Bhandara district. This study can inform policymakers and agricultural extension services on strategies to improve paddy production efficiency and profitability for small and large farmers in Bhandara district.

Property tax is generally a tax imposed by municipalities upon owners of real property within their jurisdiction based on the value of such property. This form of tax is reported to be one of the most stable sources of revenue to governments however most state and local governments in Nigeria are yet to tap revenue from this form of tax. Revenue generated from this tax is used to provide basic amenities to the people. The paper examined the prospects of property tax administration in Bauchi state and the factors militating against its implementation. The data for the study was collected from the Bauchi State Board of Internal Revenue and the Bauchi State Ministry of Lands and Housing using the interview method. The study revealed that some of the property taxes were administered in Bauchi state such as stamp duty. The main problems identified that militate against the successful implementation of the taxes are lack of political will and inadequate records on properties. The study concluded that property taxation is not being fully enforced in Bauchi state and very few of the taxes are charged. It was recommended that more professionals (Estate surveyors and Valuers) should be employed in Bauchi State Board of Internal Revenue and the Ministry of Lands and Housing, and laws/edicts supporting the enforcement of the tax be introduced.

Education is a multidimensional process, one side it enhances the economic growth and another side, it reduces the poverty by increasing the productivity. This study examines the extent to which education affects economic growth in Bangladesh and show the impact of education on economic growth. In this study we utilize secondary time series data on GDP growth rate, adult literacy rate, gross enrolment in primary education, gross enrolment in secondary, gross enrolment in tertiary and government educational expenditure for the span of 2001-2015 in case of Bangladesh. The result of the t-test, F-test, the coefficient of correlation and coefficient of determination shows that education is positively and significantly related to the economic growth. For identifying the model specification, this study use multicollinearity test, Park test, Breusch-Godfrey (BG) test for heteroscedasticity, Durbin-Watson and Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey (BPG) test for autocorrelation. This tests suggest that our data is free from Heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation but there is multicollinearity problem in this data, for removing this multicollinearity we use dropping variable method.

The transformation from a conventional consumption based society to a sustainable society is urgently required due to the pollution of the natural environment, the exhaustion of the natural resources and the decreasing capacity of the final waste disposal facilities. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use ceramic waste (CW) concrete as partial replacement with cement in structural concrete. Also to develop a sustainable concrete using new supplementary cementitious material (SCM) like ceramic waste powder which is produced from ceramic tiles at the manufacturing process and dismantled tiles, broken pieces of tiles and it was partially replaced with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC).Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strength to the conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for 7 and 28 days. As a result, the compressive strength achieved up to 30% replacing cement with ceramic waste. This research work is concerned with the experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by replacing cement via 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of ceramic waste. Keeping all this view, the aim of the investigation is to study the behavior of concrete while replacing the ceramic waste with different proportions in concrete.

Overview of existing papers cutting machine and evolution of paper cutting machine has been analyzed and discussed. First, the theoretical and practical operating principles of various types of paper cutting has been analyzed and complete structural analyzes has been made to improvise machine operation. The various types of existing paper cutting machines are manual, semi-automatic, fully automatic hydraulic then, the inherent parts of the paper cutting machines has been illustrated.