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Watershed management is the optimal use of soil and water resources within a given geographical area so as to enable sustainable production.Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resources management, especially in the context of watershed management. Erosion intensity analysis has been commonly applied to prioritization of watersheds. The investigation of basins for planning soil conservation requires a selective approach to identify smaller hydrological units, which would be suitable for more efficient and targeted conservation management programme. One criterion, generally used to determine the vulnerability of catchments to erosion, is the erosion intensity mapping. The quantitative analysis of erosion intensity is an important aspect of characterization of watersheds. Using micro-watershed as a basic unit in erosion intensity analysis is the most logical choice because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. The present study makes an attempt to prioritize twenty five micro-watersheds of Dal lake catchment of Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir, based on erosion intensity analysis, using remote sensing and Geographical Information System. Accordingly twenty five micro-watersheds have been classified into four categories based on very severe erosion intensity unit as very high, high, medium and low in terms of priority for conservation and management. The result of the erosion intensity analysis has revealed that micro-watersheds DMW1, DMW5, DMW7, DMW9 and DMW23 fall under very severe erosion class and are more susceptible to soil erosion and hence technical measures has been suggested for the very high priority micro-watershed.

Glasses with composition 15TeO2- 10MgO - (75-x) B2O3– xNiO and 15TeO2- 10MgO - (75-x) B2O3- xWO3 (where x = 0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.2 mol %) have been prepared by using a conventional melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the samples were ascertained using X-ray diffractometry. Microhardness measurements were carried out using Zwick 3212 hardness tester fitted with a Vicker’s diamond pyramidal indenter. Microhardness studies revealed that the hardness of the glasses increased with an increase in applied load. Meyer’s index number / work hardening exponent ‘n’ was calculated and found that the material belongs to hard material category.

Concern about the outcome of human interaction with the environment has increased demand for environmentally friendly practices. Research on environmentally friendly practices indicates that green practices can be implemented at individual-firm-project levels. Changing the construction industry to a more environmentally friendly one requires a multi-faceted sequence at individual, project and organizational levels. Yet, there persists unclear understanding of the relevance of certain influencing factors at each of these stages. The aim of this paper is to advance a multi-perspective model of green construction practice. At the moment, there is a dearth of literature on the interrelationship of green practices at individual-firm-project levels. Thus, not much is known about the interplay of the three levels in influencing implementation of green practices in the industry. The present study, therefore, bridges the knowledge gap; and theorizes possible influences of interplay between the three dimensions of green practices. This is relevant to practitioners and scholars interested in green practices research.

This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) with local search technique. For designing the HGA, a local search technique is incorporated in the loop of genetic algorithm (GA), and whether or not the local search technique is used in the GA is automatically determined by the local search scheme. A local search scheme is developed in this paper. which is to use the conditional local search method that can measure the average fitness values obtained from the continuous two generations of the HGA. To prove the efficiency of the algorithm, a basic GA (BGA) with local search technique and a hybrid GA (HGA) with local search technique and are also presented. In numerical example, both the algorithms (BGA, HGA) are tested and analyzed. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed HGA is proved by various measures of performance.

Today huge amount of data are transforms over the network connected to internet. In recent day many social networking site, electronic mail, trades website etc. exchange information in term of audio, video, image, text. Here more concern is that how to secure such type of data from the various intruders. There are various algorithm is used to provide security from unauthorized of data over the network. The term cryptography is the technique to exchange the plain text (sender message) into cipher text (encoded form) and then convert it encoded message back into original message. Symmetric cryptographic is one of the cryptographic techniques where sender and receiver generate a common key that is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. Here, introduce a new emerging Geometry based Cryptography approach in the field of symmetric cryptography. In this technique used a 2-D clockwise Rotation and performs transformations such as on the object matrix to obtain cipher text. The basic idea behind this paper is that focuses on the symmetric key Cryptography approach, using the concepts of clockwise 2D-rotation of object and find out an algorithm that provide the better accuracy and security over the basic encryption algorithm. 

Adhesive joints are used in a wide range of industrial applications due to their advantages over other joints. The crack propagation analysis in an adhesive joint is very important for its sustained performance. The Cohesive zone model (CZM) is found to be effective in this area due to its advantage over traditional methods. An overview of the CZM, usage with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), comparison with other methods, and implementation by back face strain (BFS) technique are reviewed in a proportional manner

In this paper we describe some recent developments that have taken place in still image compression. We addresses about different compression techniques and also give a performance comparison. Functionality and principles of compression algorithms are discussed in a unified manner. This survey reviews more recent articles on image compression and discuss their role in current research directions. There are several image compression algorithms some of them are lossy and some of them are lossless. Thus medical image, pre press industry, art work, remote sensing images for lossless image compression.

Due to the Internet’s sheer size, complexity, and various routing policies, it is difficult if not impossible to locate the causes of large volumes of BGP update messages that oc-cur from time to time. To provide dependable global data delivery we need diagnostic tools that can pinpoint the ex-act connectivity changes. In this paper we describe an al-gorithm, called MVSChange, that can pin down the ori-gin of routing changes due to any single link failure or link restoration. Using a simplified model of BGP, called Sim-ple Path Vector Protocol (SPVP), and a graph model of the Internet, MVSChange takes as input the SPVP update messages collected from multiple vantage points and accu-rately locates the link that initiated the routing changes. We provide theoretical proof for the the correctness of the design.

Today, the wide variety of devices in the digital world ranges from desktops to mobile phones. Within the currently available interactive multimedia applications, which are very demanding in terms of video quality and coding efficiency, the cost as well as the limited performances of scalability obtained in the current standards remains unacceptable. That is why; there is a need for intrinsically scalable video coding schemes providing fully progressive bit streams. Scalable Video Coding targets on seamless delivery of digital content and access to the same, enabling optimal user centered multi-channel and cross-platform media services, providing a straightforward solution for universal video delivery to a broad range of applications. Scalable video coding gives a nice way to perform rate shaping for video streams adapting to the available transmission resource. The work in this paper deals with a rate distortion approach in Scalable Video Coding in order to achieve a performance that is comparable to a non-scalable system. The rate distortion curves of the scaled video streams are employed to adapt to both static and dynamic channels. We consider a multiuser scenario which re?ects network heterogeneity and propose to perform a joint optimization between these multiple streams which have different performance curves.

The optimization of computer numerical control(CNC) boring operation parameters for aluminum alloy 6063 T6 using Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) optimization technique. Machining industry is playing a crucial role in the present manufacturing scenario and boring is an operation which is quite highly used nowadays to enlarge and achieve greater accuracy of the internal holes. In the present work an attempt is made to select the combination of optimum cutting parameters which results in better surface finish (minimum surface roughness i.e. Ra and Rq) and Circularity (Cr). Machining with optimum cutting parameters will result in minimum machining time and enhance the productivity. Three parameters viz. cutting speed, feed and depth of cut of boring bar has been taken as control factors. The cutting trials are performed as per Taguchi L27(3^3) orthogonal method to deal with the response from multi-variables. Taguchi orthogonal array is designed with three levels of boring parameters with the help of software Minitab 16. Grey Relational Analysis is performed for finding out the optimal parameter setting for the Al alloy 6063 T6 material. Additionally, for analyzing the data, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique is used to find the significant factors and their individual contribution in the response function i.e. surface roughness and Circularity.