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The study examined the energy used for milling rice in Lafia rice mill. A sample of 50 randomly selected rice mills were used for the study. Simple descriptive statistics, production function analysis and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The result shows that the average total energy used daily for rice milling was 2427.44MJ/mill with diesel energy having the largest share (54.66%) of the average total daily energy used. Furthermore, to mill a bag of paddy about 211.06MJ of energy was required. The energy productivity was 0.37MJ/mill. Diesel and paddy were the most significant inputs that influenced the output of milled rice. The elasticity value range from 0.19 to 7.37 for paddy and diesel respectively. Rice milling in the research area was observed to be dependent on direct and non renewable energy forms especially diesel. The study recommends development of cleaner and safer energy forms such as solar energy for rice milling in the study area.

Free Fatty Acid (FFA) was removed from waste oil and favorably employed for the production of high quality biodiesel. FFA extraction minimizes the drawbacks encountered with alkaline catalysts in biodiesel production. Three combinations of reagents (methanol-benzene, methanol-toluene and methanol-xylene) were used for extraction purpose and a rapid extraction of FFA has been obtained. The composition of non-polar solvent (benzene, toluene and xylene) in each of the above mentioned reagents was varied from 1% to 10% by weight. An optimal ratio of (0.8:1) reagent and oil by weight was found to reduce the FFA concentration by 43.3% in single step. Equilibrium study for the extraction of FFA was also carried out. The experimental data obtained were presented on the basis of amount of FFA extracted, with respect to time required for extraction (25 to 300 min) and stirrer speed (50 to 300 rpm). The optimum value for the time required for extraction was obtained at 150 min. the optimum value for the stirrer speed required for the extraction of FFA was obtained at 150 rpm.

Plants have been an important source of medicine for thousands of years. Recently, the world health organization estimated that upto 80% of people still rely mainly on traditional remedies such as herbs for their medicines. In the present study various plant parts of Tridax procumbens were evaluated separately for the presence of primary metabolites. Tridax procumbens Linn belongs to family Asteraceae, and commonly known as Dhaman grass, is a common herb. It is employed as an indigenous medicine for variety of ailments including Jaundice. The plant also has hepatoprotective activity and it is used in Ayurveda in various liver disorders. Phytochemical screening and quantification of primary metabolites in different plant parts i.e leaf and stem (in vivo) as well as its callus (in vitro) quantification revealed the presence of total soluble sugars, proteins, lipids chlorophyll and proline. It showed higher concentration of total soluble sugar, lipid and protein in leaves whereas chlorophyll content and proline was found higher in callus as compared to other parts of plant.

The developing countries mostly rely on traditional medicines. The traditional medicines involve the use of different plant extracts or the bioactive constituents. This type of studies provides health applications at affordable costs. Biochemical studies of the individual plant parts is a necessary prerequisite in order to evaluate their importance in the over all metabolism of the plant. In the present study various plant parts of selected medicinal plants were evaluated, separately for their metabolite content. Maximum amount of total soluble sugars and lipids were present in leaves of Rumex vesicarius, starch in stem of Sisymbrium irio. The leaves of Rumex vesicarius showed more content of metabolites as compared to the other plant parts.

A great yield of tomato is lost to disease of varied causes annually. This underscores the need for continuous study of factors affecting the epidemiology and prevalence of these diseases for effective management. This study was conducted in two environments of Aboh and Ahiazu Mbaise local Government Areas of Imo State Southeast, Nigeria. The aim was to investigate the fungal pathogens associated with tomato plants. The plant leaf samples were cultured on Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA) and incubated at room temperature for 3-5 days. Result revealed that the most prevalent species were Fusarium (75%) and Curvularia (55%) while Alternaria (15 %) was least .The pathogenecity test carried out showed that Fusarium species were the most pathogenic ; followed by the Aspergillus and Curvularia Species . The data generated from this study will help local farmers in Mbaise in minimizing yield losses.

The dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., have gained importance as local soft drink and medical herb in Ghana. There are speculations it has anti-cancer property, and that the decoction is better than the infusion. In view of these the Total Phenolic and Flavonoid content of both preparations was investigated. The decoction method gave the highest % yield of crude extract (76%) and of total flavonoid content (5887.5?g QE/g) while the infusion method gave the highest TPC value (46.123mg GAE/g). Also higher values of TPC and TFC were obtained from the S. samples compare to the B. samples. All the TFC values obtained from the decoction method were higher than the infusion values. Out of the 8 samples, TPC values of 3 (Kaneshie.S, Madina.S, and Nima.B) of the decoction method were lower than that of infusion. As flavonoids play vital role in scavenging free radicals in organisms, the decoction process can be recommended. Since the differences in the decoction and infusion’s data are not big, both preparations can be used.

The present study offers an exploration of the success factor used in green building construction in the Bhopal area. The specific objective includes assessment of the factors relation and its impact. How these factors will play the role and awareness among public as well as in builders of Bhopal region. In total 54 builders is interviewed face to face with the help of semi structured questionnaire. Responses are tabulated and descriptive analysis is performed. Correlation analysis is done for the received data on success factors. It is being found that most of the success factors are related and having impact in the success of green building research.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of recruitment and selection, and compensation on performance of employees. Two hypotheses are developing to see the impact of the independent variable on the performance of employees. Results of the study showed that there are high positive correlations between the variables based on responses 152 respondents from Perak state based private firms in Malaysia. The result of regression analysis showed that recruitment and selection, and compensation have significant positive impact on performance of employees. This can be concluded the hypotheses show that all these have significant effect on performance of employees. Hence, the successful organization must understand the importance of recruitment and selection method as well as the organization compensation system as a critical factor to produce positive results.

The policy of free primary education in Kenya, although highly commendable, has resulted to a baffling phenomenon where parents in urban slums are withdrawing their children from public to private primary schools. This clearly suggests that parents seem to have confidence in private schools than in public schools. The emergence of low fee private schools whose accreditation is in doubt is indeed an interesting phenomenon worth exploring. It is no longer a question of whether private schools exist but rather to what extent private schools supplement the government in providing basic education. While the government bears the sole responsibility of providing education to all children, the findings from three researches discussed in this paper portray a different reality. The number of private schools especially in the slums almost outnumbers government schools despite the fact that public primary schools are free. This trend raises key policy issues regarding the role of the private sector in collaborating with the government in providing quality education to all citizens. Indeed, the emergence of low cost private schools in urban slums presents an unexploited, though potent, opportunity for public-private partnership in the provision of basic education.

No one has born sinful. Unbalanced social and economical conditions cause corruption. Official corruption is one issue that has been a matter to humans during the history of mankind and today governments, nations and organizations are struggling with it. This destructive issue is the cause of wasting resources and creating problems in systems especially in governmental ones. It is also one reason that prevents countries from development. Some of this corruption is unwanted and nations have different view points toward this problem. Islam, the most complete religion, is basically against any corruption and emphasizes the importance of pureness and right doing. This emphasis has some clear and strict dimensions where it is related to people rights and mentions the necessity of divine limits and people rights. Islam has considers a great necessity for the government officials to be honest and reliable. In the present study it has been tried to recognize the roots of corruption from Islamic point of view and consider ways in order to prevent this corruption from being widespread