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The Internet is a widely used tool known to foster addictive behavior, and Internet addiction threatens to develop into a major public health issue in the near future in a rapidly developing country like India. Internet addiction in adolescence can have a negative impact on identity formation and may negatively affect cognitive functioning, lead to poor academic performance and engagement in risky activities, and inculcate poor dietary habits. Recent reports indicated that some online users were becoming addicted to the Internet in much that same way that others became addicted to drugs or alcohol, which resulted in academic, social, and occupational impairment. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of internet addiction among adolescents.For the purpose of the study 272 adolescent’s students (176 male, 96 female) from formal schools and colleges at Chhattisgarh. The sampling was based on random sampling method. The age range of the students is 14yrs-19yrs. The tools, demographic data sheet designed for the purpose of this study and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Dr. Kimberly Young to measure the levels of internet addiction were used. The results revealed that prevalence of average internet addiction was 57%, problematic addiction was 41.9% and severe addiction was 0.7%. The gender difference was found on internet addiction that males were more addicted to the internet than female. It was also found that the duration of internet surfing and time spent for internet usage of the students were significant for internet addiction. Based on the results, internet addiction should be considered as a serious problem in adolescents and young adults. So, it is necessary that proper use of internet to be educated to adolescents and young adults to prevent the risk of internet addiction.

The present study aims at examining the influence of receptive (reading three glossed sentences) and productive (completing a cloze task) tasks on retrieving the knowledge of English verb-noun collocations in an Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learning context. To do so, ninety four EFL university learners were divided into two experimental (reading and cloze) groups and one control group. To examine the effects of the tasks, the students in all three groups were given receptive and productive collocation pretests aiming at measuring their existing knowledge of collocation and posttests to measure the learners' gained knowledge of collocation after being exposed to the treatments. Two weeks after completing the treatments, the students were given delayed posttests examining the participants’ ability to retrieve the receptive and productive gained of the collocations. The results of Paired Sample t-tests revealed that the tasks were highly effective in helping the students retrieve the already gained knowledge of verb-noun collocations.

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks remain a major security problem, the mitigation of which is very hard especially when it comes to highly distributed botnet-based attacks. The early discovery of these attacks, although challenging, is necessary to protect end-users as well as the expensive network infrastructure resources. Here, we address the problem of DDoS attacks and present the theoretical foundation, architecture, and algorithms of FireCol. The core of FireCol is composed of Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPSs) located at the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) level. The IPSs form virtual protection rings around the hosts to defend and collaborate by exchanging selected traffic information. The evaluation of FireCol using extensive simulations and a real dataset is presented, showing FireCol effectiveness and low overhead, as well as its support for incremental deployment in real network.

A field experiment was conducted at Firozabad region of Iran to study the effect of Effective Microorganisms Activate (EMa), EMa levels on growth, yield, Yield Components and Water Usage Efficiency of two Maize cultivars (Ns640 and Back cross 666). The experiment consisted of 10 treatments which were the combinations between two factors: two cultivars and five EMa levels.Ns640 cultivar significantly exceeded Back cross 666 in more growth characters, yield and its components. The result indicates that EMa increases growth and grain yield and water usage efficiency of Maize.

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The Indian IT companies have devised various innovative measures to face Global financial meltdown which has left its adverse impact on bottom-line of companies across the globe. Innovative strategies have helped IT majors to give improved results. IT sector has to use this downturn as an opportunity to learn, study the market carefully and design strategies accordingly. The IT players should look for servicing customers in new ways; offer them better solutions at affordable price. The paper looks into few critical areas of managerial concern such as Business Resource Planning, Towards Effective Pricing, Better customer Orientation in particular at the time of crisis, Enhancing average revenue per customer, Building long term relations with clients, Innovative initiative to engage bench employees, etc.

Tooth eruption is an important, complex and highly regulated process. It involves signaling from a large number of genes and molecules. This review outlines the possible mechanism of tooth eruption right from its development in the bony crypt to its eruption till the occlusal level. Active tooth eruption starts from intra-osseous stage when there is formation of eruption pathway. Colony stimulating factor (CSF-I)and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) plays an important role in osteo- clastogenesis. Inhibition of osteoproteigrin (OPG) transcription and enhancement of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is important . Paracrine signaling by parathyroid hormone-related protein(PTHrP) and Interleukin-1?produced in stellate reticulum may also play a role in regulating eruption. Wnt/?-catenin signaling plays a critical role in bone formation and regeneration and thus tooth eruption. Correct understanding of this important event is needed to diagnose and treat disorders of tooth eruption.

The molecular vibrations of 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline (BDNA) were investigated in solid phase, at room temperature by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of BDNA in the ground state were calculated by using the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods (B3LYP) with 6-311++G** as basis set. Comparison of the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of BDNA with calculated results by HF and density functional methods indicates that B3LYP is superior to HF method for molecular vibrational problems. The Mulliken atomic charges have also been computed at HF/6-311++G** and B3LYP/6-311++G** level. Finally the calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occur in the molecule.