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The use of the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons (STG) is emerging as a method of choice for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ,to restore knee stability and the results are shown. This retrospective comparative study involves two groups operated in Clinque Judge Marseille in France between January 2011 to December 20, 2012 by four senior surgeons for instability with an ACL injury: Group 1 with 30 patients undergoing extra-articular and Intra-articular ligament with STG. Group 2 with 30 patients undergoing intra-articular ACL reconstruction with STG. The mean IKDC subjective score of the last follow-up was 75.9 (± 9.1) in Group 1 and 67 (± 6.6) in the group 2. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of a series of isolated ACL reconstruction with STG to those of a series of ACL reconstruction with an external reinforcing.

Not many studies have so far quantitatively investigated the role of multiple intelligences (MI) in language teaching and almost research has explored the role of MI in listening proficiency. In this study we worked on them too. The purpose of this research study were to investigate whether there was a relationship between each component of multiple intelligences and listening proficiency among Iranian Damavand university students to find those components of multiple intelligences which act as the predictor of listening proficiency among Damavand university students. In so doing, 30 juniors and 20 sophomores took part. Listening test was used for the purpose of homogenization and organization of the participants. After wards, the participants received the multiple intelligence inventory questionnaire then. All necessary instruction were given to the participants and the data were analyzed and coded in spss. Quantitative results indicated that there was no significant correlation between multiple intelligences and listening proficiency in this study.

Water is one of the most valued natural resource and hence the management of its quality is of special importance. In this study an attempt was made to compare the aquatic ecosystem pollution with particular reference to the upstream and downstream quality of river water. Water samples were collected from Mogral River and analysed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. Healthy fish samples from the river basin were subjected to bacteriological studies. The direct bacterial examination of the histological sections of the fish organ samples were also carried out. Further, the bacterial isolates were taxonomically identified with the aid of MALDI-TOF MS. The physico-chemical parameters monitored exceeded the recommended level for surface water quality in the downstream segment. Results of bacteriological analysis revealed high level of faecal pollution of the river. The isolation of enteric bacteria in fish species in the river also served as an indication of faecal contamination of the water body. Comparatively, higher bacterial density was found in the liver samples of the fish collected from the downstream, than in other organs of the fish collected from the upstream segment. Taxonomical identification revealed the presence of eight pathogenic bacterial strains from the fish samples, all of which represents a potential hazard to humans. The mean bacterial load of the isolates was found to be markedly higher than the recommended public health standard value adopted by the standard prescribed by World Health Organisation (WHO).

The aim of this study was to determine the types and levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in the breast milk of some first birth mothers in Ada, a rural community in the greater Accra region of Ghana. Liquid-liquid extraction procedure was employed and extract clean-up was done using silica gel solid phase extraction. Thirteen different organochlorine pesticides residues namely p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, endrin, endrin-ketone, alpha-endosulphan, endosulphan-sulphate, gamma-chlordane, dieldrin, and methoxychlor were identified and quantified in the individual breast milk samples using a Gas Chromatograph (GC) with an Electron Capture detector. The GC recoveries of spiked samples were between 89 to 97%. Gamma-HCH recorded the highest incident ratio of 95.2% and p, p’-DDE, endosulphan sulphate, delta-HCH and dieldrin also recorded incidence ratios of 90.5%, 81.0%, 66.7% and 57.1% respectively in the twenty-one individual human breast milk samples. The mean concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues in the human breast milk samples ranged from 0.682 to 63.803 µg/kg fats. Endosulphan-sulphate recorded the highest concentration of 63.803 µg/kg fats which is about three times greater than the Australian Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 20 µg/kg for milk. The mean concentrations for all the other organochlorines detected were below their respective maximum residue limits.

Chronic prostatitis is a disease with an unknown etiology that affects a large number of men. The optimal management for category III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is not codified. Standard treatment usually consists of prolonged courses of antibiotics, even though well-designed clinical trials have failed to demonstrate their efficacy.A review of the literature failed to identify any recognized and validated treatments for CP/CPPS. However, the current approach is multimodal including: antibiotics, alpha-blockers, phytotherapy, acupuncture, physiotherapy and minimally invasive surgery. These therapies can be successful for the majority of patients who present with this difficult condition.

In this world all human beings are equal in the view of god, but society separated them into groups through caste. There are nations which are characterized through social inequality, perhaps the Indian institution of caste is more elaborately constructed through inequality than in other nations. The existence of caste system in India in the modern period has been severely criticized by both Indian and foreign observers. Even though some educated Indians tell the foreigners that caste has been erased or that "none of the Indians pays attention to caste anymore," such statements do not reflect reality. Many people fought for the equality of society in many ways. Anand knows that the pen is the only source which can change anything in this world.

This paper examined the impact of non-performing loans on the profitability of the banking industry of Pakistan. We have taken the Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) as Total Assets (TA) as profitability measure for the time span of 1998-2010. We have taken the data of Non-Performing Loans from the central bank of Pakistan. By applying the regression analysis, we have concluded that Non-Performing Loans have significant negative impact on the profitability and growth of the Banking sector of Pakistan.

Onion is the second most cultivated vegetable crop and a dietary source of vitamins and flavonoids. Historically, the specie has undergone biotechnological manipulations for crop improvements due to its high amenability to cell and tissue culture. This review begins with a historical viewpoint on onion improvement using biotechnology encompassing ploidy manipulation and applications of cell and tissue culture. The past developments and new approaches for gene transfer to onion are described in this review. Genetic transformation is highly effective for adding single genes to existing elite onion clones with no, or minimal disruptions to their genetic background and represents the only effective way to produce isogenic lines of specific cultivars. This is nearly impossible via traditional breeding due to the high heterozygosity in the diploid onion genome, the genetic integrity of onion clones is lost upon sexual reproduction as a result of viable gene segregation. These genetic attributes have also provided challenges for the development of genetic maps and applications of molecular markers and genomics in onion breeding. Molecular approaches represented by a combination of different omic technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are described as well as future prospects. The resultant effects of these will facilitate the introduction of elite genes that could provide resistance to pests and diseases, and lead to generation of high quality traits.

The paper proposes Handwritten Character Recognition method using 2D view and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In this all the character images are Pre-processed (includes Normalization and Noise Removal), which are further used for feature extraction using two dimensional (2D) views. From each character four different views (Top, Bottom, Left, and Right) are obtained called as basic views. All basic views are not able to collect the complete information of character image. The hidden information is capture separately called as extra views. From each view 16 features are extracted and combined to obtain 80 features. These features are used to train SVM to separate different classes of characters. Handwritten Character database is used for training and testing of SVM classifier. Support Vector Machine provides a good recognition result for lower case characters and upper case characters are 82%.

Front line demonstrations on rain-fed direct seeded upland rice were carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Simdega, Jharkhand. To demonstrate the improved technologies, frontline demonstrations were conducted in farmers fields. The objective was to show the potentiality of technologies along with package of practices analyse the constraints to provide feedback to the research system. The demonstration were conducted by selecting technologies on the basis of agro-ecosystem analysis through using PRA tools.. Intervention points were identified by consultation with farmers from problem- cause diagram. The deciding factors for selecting technologies under demonstrations were yield gap and percentage of farmers not following the recommended improved practices. Based on the finding it may be concluded that the top-down approach should be avoided and scientist- farmer interaction should be operationalised for programme formulation, implantation and assessment. This approach led to selection of right interventions for convincing the farmers in a better way about the production potentials of selected technologies. Due to selection of better technologies yield advantage was received to an extent of 58.9 %.