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The present study aims to determine the relationships between fathers’ parenting styles and locus of control, and the role of number of children in the family as a moderator. Sample consisted of 382 school-going adolescents with an average age of 14 years. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for the participants at their selected schools. Results demonstrated that adolescents with higher internal locus of control perceived their fathers at higher levels of authoritative parenting. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the influence of the fathers’ parenting style on the adolescents’ locus of control was stable across number of children. Regardless of family size, fathers’ contribution in child development is fundamental. Findings from the study call attention to policy makers to take into consideration the ‘father factor’ in formulating policies related to child and family well-being.

India is acknowledged as the biggest retail market in the world next to China. The sector is the largest source of employment after agriculture. Nearly 40 million people employed in retail sector which accounts for 8% of the total employment and 4% of the entire population. According to the A.T. Kearney Global Retail Development Index (2011), Indian retail sector accounts for 22 percent of the country’s GDP. Total retail market in India which stood at Rs. 20,00,000 Crores in 2009-10 which increased to Rs.23,50,000 crores in 2010-11 which is estimated to attain Rs.28,65,000 Crores by 2012-13. An ASSOCHAM report states that India's overall retail sector is expected to rise to Rs.41,65,000 by 2013 and to Rs.USD 1.3 trillion by 2018, at a compounded annual growth rate of 10% driven by the emergence of shopping centers and malls. India’s organized retail market was estimated to be Rs.96500 Crores in 2008 accounts for around 5 percent of the total retail market, which increased to Rs.1,50,000 crores in 2011 accounting for 6-7 per cent of total retail. Organized Retail has been growing at an impressive rate of 35 to 40 percent per year compared to 9 to10 percent growth in the overall retail industry. The business in the organized retail sector of India is expected to reach the level of $100 billion by the year 2015. In India 98 percent of business is being run by the unorganized retailers. Recently, the government of India has permitted a FDI in multi-brand retailing which has triggered a debate on whether India should allow entry of foreign retailers or not. In the light of this development, a study has been conducted to find out the challenges and opportunities of allowing FDI in multi-brand retailing. It is observed that multi-brand retailing will have positive as well negative impact on Indian economy, Indian retail sector, customers, farmers and society. It is also found that there are several challenges before foreign players which are needed to be addressed by them before entering into India.

The study aimed to examine financial factors affecting lending portfolio in commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of this study were: to determine the effects of interest rates on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya; to establish the effect of deposit mobilization on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya; to assess the effect of collateral on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya; and finally determine the effect of loan repayment on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on Liquidity Preference Theory (LPT), Loanable Funds Theory and The Theory of Interest. The study used a cross sectional survey research design administered through questionnaires. The heads of credit related departments who are concerned with policies implementation in 43 commercial banks in Kenya formed the target population. The sample population of the study was 64 respondents. The mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression were the main statistical analysis used. It was found that interest rate had a negative correlation with lending portfolio. Deposit mobilization, which is the source of funds for the banks, had a positive effect on the lending portfolio. Emphasis on collateral requirements had a negative effect on amount of loans but increased the quality of the loans lent out (low risk of default). Finally it was found that loan repayment policies had a positive significant effect on the lending portfolio. It was concluded that unfavourable (high) interest rate reduces lending portfolio. Effective deposit mobilization strategies increases lending portfolio. Loan repayment policies increase the lending portfolio. Finally, collateral requirement increased the chance of loan repayment thus increasing the quality of lending portfolio. Consequently it was recommended that the stakeholders, especially the government to implement economic strategies that spars economic growth. The economic growth as multiplier effect in that it does not only empowers the citizens financially, it also reduces the interest rate of bank loans. There should be effective assessment mechanisms of potential borrowers so as to have appropriate collateral requirement for an individual borrower. Finally it was recommended that a complementary study that examines the causes of non-repayment in commercial banks will be ideal. This study also proposed another study be carried out that investigates the direct role of lending portfolio on bank’s financial performance.

To catalogue the medicinal plant wealth of Karian Shola MPCA, Coimbatore District of Tamilnadu, Southern India and to categorize the RET status and their need for conservation along with the Ethnobotanical knowledge of the medicinal plants. Field trips were made to collect the medicinal plants from Karian Shola MPCA, Anamalais, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu during January 1994 to December 1995. A total of 300 species of angiosperms, of which 6 are additions to the Flora of Tamilnadu, 50 endemic plants, 15 Red listed taxa, 20 highly traded medicinal plants and 27 ethno-medicinal Plants were documented from the study area. The study emphasized the need for in situ conservation along with the wild plants used by the Malasars and Kadars were also provided.

Metoprolol tartrate is effective ?-blocker which is having antianginal properties and used in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Oral bioavailability of metoprolol tartrate is around 40%. In present work an attempt has been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of metoprolol tartrate to enhance the dissolution rate. Sublimation method . The values of pre-compression parameters evaluated were within prescribed limits and indicated good free flowing property. In all the formulations, friability is less than 1%, indicated that tablets had a good mechanical resistance. Drug content was found to be in the range of 98 to 102%, which is within acceptable limits. In sublimation method, camphor is used as subliming agent. All the tablets of metoprolol tartrate were subjected to weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro dispersion, drug polymer interaction, drug content uniformity, and in vitro drug release The drug release from tablets of metoprolol tartrate prepared by sublimation methods were found to be S1 showed 98.20% drug release within 10 minute. It is concluded that Metoprolol Tartrate mouth dissolving tablets could be prepared using sublimation technique with improved bioavailability and rapid onset of action.

The optimal design of transmission system expansion planning is an important part of the overall planning task of electric power system. One of main keys of the successful grid expansion planning comes from optimal reliability level/criteria decision, which should be given for constraint in the optimal expansion problem. However, it’s very difficult to decide logically the optimal reliability criteria of a transmission system as well as generation system expansion planning in a society. The technique proposed in this paper is a “novel but classic” technique. We classify the transmission planning into three dimensions including Line Loading Index (LI), Voltage Profile Index (PI), and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) Index with detailed definitions. Transmission Expansion Index (TEI) is the main focus of this paper and can be used as an important criterion for decision making and transmission planning in the planning horizon. The 6 bus system case study results demonstrate that the proposed method is practical for solving the power system expansion planning problem.

Wireless sensor networks are those that are used for the communication between various sensor nodes to the base station. Heterogeneity in such networks are used to manage the network deployment cost and the network traffic. A hierarchical cost effective LEACH (HCEL) protocol is proposed to enhance energy efficiency of the sensor nodes thereby maximizing the network performance without increasing the network deployment cost.In this paper, a heterogeneous network that comprise three types of sensor nodes are considered. A hierarchical network structure is formed where the data are forwarded by using “aggregators”. The clustering is done inorder to maximize the energy eficiency of the sensor nodes. The cost comparision is done between various protocols like seperateLEACH(SL), proposedLEACH(PL), seperateproposed(SP) and HCEL. The energy efficiency is derived by initiating the activity window interference. Simulation results show that the HCEL protocol derive a gradual decrease in the network deployment cost ratio in terms of powerful nodes and energy factor.

The study attempted to find out the impact of capacity building of teachers of Government Boys’ Primary Schools on classroom teaching. The objectives of the study were to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the capacity building initiatives for professional development of teachers in district Swat and to make recommendations for improving the current efforts of government and other agencies for capacity building of primary school teachers. Capacity is developed when individuals are motivated to use knowledge, skills and resources in order to enhance organizational objectives. An opinionnaire containing eleven statements was handed over to Head Masters, a questionnaire containing eleven questions were handed over to the teachers, who had received training and a checklist for classroom observation of 5th class students of 101 primary schools in district Swat. The relevant literature was reviewed, which provided indicators for development of tools. The data obtained were quantified and described. The results revealed that Head Masters could play more effective role for school effectiveness by developing clear vision; providing instructional feedback to teachers; effective monitoring and supervisory mechanism; setting a democratic environment conducive to teaching learning process and involving the stakeholders in decision-making. The results of the study further indicated that school effectiveness owed itself to capable Head Masters, committed staff, non-political intervention, a procedure of incentives and disincentives, positive feedback to teachers and last, but not the least, a continuous instructional supervision of what happened in classroom. The recommendations for improving classroom teaching required continuous on-the-job training, commitment of teachers to the teaching profession and improved pedagogical skills of teachers as well as updating classroom management.

This article examines the notions of (in) directness and politeness in the Persian and English electronic requests of Iranian EFL postgraduate students (nonnative speakers of English) to their professors during their education at Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad Branch, Isfahan, Iran. To that end, the study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to investigate 60 English and 60 Persian e-mails composed by the participants. More specifically, a modified version of request strategies that was proposed initially by Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper (1989) and revised by Bisenbach-Lucas (2007) to fit e-mail request data was employed to analyze the request head act of each e-mail message. Findings from the study reveal that the students employ more direct strategies in their Persian e-mail requests than their English e-mail requests. The results of the study also indicate that students employ more direct strategies for the requests for information, but not for the requests for action. This study argues that e-mail requests characterized by significant directness give the faculty no choice in complying with the request and fail to acknowledge the imposition involved. Therefore, many of them might become responsible for pragmatic infelicities.

A questionnaire, interview survey of 320 patients was made in Peshawar, Pakistan to study the severity of beta thalassaemia on different aspects. The study revealed that it was common in male than female. The other things were that inter family marriages played an important part. The average family income was very less as compared to the family members and the expenditure of the treatment. The analysis showed that the father income is associated with the knowledge about thalassaemia and education. It was also revealed that the disease was more common in positive blood groups.