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Numerous studies on adolescents have explored factors associated with sexual risk-taking behaviors among youth. However, few studies have examined the link between social exclusion of youth in social and sexual matters and sexual risk-taking behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS infection. This study was carried out using cross sectional design among 365 students randomly selected in secondary school in Bondo District, Kenya in order to determine the link between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behavior associated with HIV/AIDS infection. The study also examined the moderating effect of age, gender and orphanhood on the relationship between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behaviors. The findings of the study revealed positive correlation between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behavior associated with HIV/AIDS infection. The study found out that age, gender and orphanhood moderates the relationship between social exclusion and sexual risk-taking behavior. Conclusion drawn from the study was that an increase in exclusion of youth on basis of age, gender and orphanhood could hamper efforts to slow down the spread of HIV infection in successive generations. Current best practice emphasizes the need for multilevel inclusion of youth in the family, schools, church and societal decision making processes in social and sexual matters that affect them.

The study was conducted on the morphological aspects such as shell shape and shell dimensions of freshwater snails Bellamya dissimilis and Lymnaea acuminata. The shell of B. dissimilis is globular in shape with broad ovate mouth and 4-5 whirls that are dextrally rotated. Shell length and shell width ranges from 2.3-3.9cm and 3.2-5.9cm respectively. Snail B. dissimilis gives birth to a large number (120-130) of fully developed young ones measures up to 0.2-0.5cm in length. The shell of L. acuminata is tapering conical with 3-5 whorls that end in dextral opening of shell. Shell length and shell width ranges from 1.2-2.7cm and 1.9-3.5cm respectively. The snail is hermaphrodite and breeds almost throughout the year, this snail contains the egg clutches and each egg clutch contains 170-180 eggs.

Elephantiasis results of chronic lymphedema due to a variety of obstructive diseases of the lymphatic system. It’s a rare disease outside areas where filariasis is endemic. Peno-scrotal Elephantiasis is characterized by gross enlargement of the genitalia and legs. Observation: We return a case of a 45-year-old patient referred for a giant scrotum for 10 years. The disease become disabling in that it makes sexual relations difficult, affects urination and also limited the patient mobility. He underwent a complete surgical resection of pathological tissue and peno-scrotal reconstruction, with good functional and aesthetic results. Pathology of the specimen was suggestive of either a non-specific fibrosis. We update through a review of the literature aspects of the diagnostic and therapeutic care of the peno-scrotal elephantiasis.

Turbo codes are one of the most powerful error correcting codes. In this paper focus is made on Bit Error Rate (BER) performance analysis of MAP, Log MAP and Max Log MAP turbo decoding algorithms in wireless AWGN channels. The research is investigated in several aspects to evaluate the performance of turbo codes in AWGN channel with different Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), different generator polynomials and for different constraint lengths. The simulation results give some demonstrations that are valuable for the applications of turbo codes in AWGN channel with different SNRs.

Osteoporosis is one of the unpredictable disease, in which the micro architecture of bones becomes weak due to the low bone mineral density. Today this disease is very common amongst old people aged more than 50 years. This common public health problem has no symptoms and only technique available to diagnose is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Generally bone mineral density (BMD) can be measured using DEXA, which is compared against the standard BMD values for diagnoses. The availability of DEXA machine in a country like India is a serious issue, because of its high cost and the high percentage of population living in rural areas with limited health care facilities. Here, our aim is to detect this disease on the basis of patient’s medical history without the necessity of DEXA scans report; so that it becomes feasible for the Indian population. For this proposed work will try to implement various Soft computing techniques which are available now- a- days.

Ketoprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility and flow properties, poor dissolution and poor wetting. Consequently, the aim of this study was to improve the dissolution of ketoprofen. Microparticles containing ketoprofen were produced by spray drying and spray chilling technology to enhance dissolution rate. The prepared formulations were evaluated for in vitro dissolution and solubility. The produced drug particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Dissolution profile of the spray dried micropartical was compared with chilled spray micropartical, pure sample and recrystallized sample. Spray dried micropartical exhibited decreased crystallinity, but for spray chilled particles there was evidence of polymorphic changes in the drug and improved micromeritic properties. The dissolution of the Spray dried micropartical was improved compared with spray chilling micropartical, recrystallized and pure sample. Consequently, it is believed that spray drying of Ketoprofen is a useful tool to improve wettability, solubility and hence the dissolution behavior of poorly water soluble drugs, in contrast to spray chilling technique.

Pressure induced exciton binding energy, optical transition energy, second order optical rectification coefficient and the third order harmonic generation of third order susceptibility are computed in Zn0.1Mg0.9Se / Zn0.8Mg0.2Se / Zn0.1Mg0.9Se quantum well. The effects of geometrical confinement and the contribution from the induced strain are included in the Hamiltonian. The effects of internal electric field comprising spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization are considered throughout the calculations. Exciton binding energies, in the presence of hydrostatic pressure, are computed using single band effective mass approximation. Calculations are done employing the variational method and the density matrix method. The second order optical rectification coefficient and the third order susceptibility with the incident photon energy are calculated in the presence of hydrostatic pressure. It is observed that the effect of pressure has influence on the nonlinear optical properties in the Mg based ZnSe quantum well.

Quality refers to an equilibrium level of functionality possessed by a product or service based on the producers capability and customers need. The aim of any manufacturing concern is to increase the production and to bring down the production cost without compromising on quality. This can be achieved through the implementation of innovative managerial techniques. Theory of constraints is an innovative tool for quality and productivity improvement. A significant challenge in implementing the theory of constraints in robotic operation is the complex and re-entrant nature of the manufacturing process. This paper deals with the problem of improving quality in robotic work cells that repetitively handle several products of similar characteristics. The theory of constraint is proposed to increase the quality and throughput rate of a robotic work cell by identifying its bottlenecks

An analytical study is performed to study the effects of thermal radiation and chemical reaction on unsteady free convection and mass transfer of a viscous incompressible fluid past an accelerated infinite isothermal vertical plate in the presence of magnetic field. The fluid considered here is a gray, absorbing/ emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. It is assumed that the effect of viscous dissipation is negligible in the energy equation and there is a first order chemical reaction between the diffusing species and the fluid. The dimensionless governing coupled linear partial differential equations are solved using the Laplace transform technique. The influence of the various parameters, entering into the problem, on the velocity field and temperature field is extensively discussed with the help of graphs.

Reply to the Note of Jeremy Danning-Davies Reported Under ‘Further Comments on Khan’s So-Called ‘Equation of Trickery’