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This study aims to analyze the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of leaves extract of Jatropha curcas against histamine forming bacteria, and determine of minimum inhibitory concentration. The extraction process is done by maceration method using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extract was obtained continued by antibacterial activity test against histamine-forming bacteria. Concentration all extract of J. curcas is 1%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (w / v). Positive control using synthetic antibiotic ampicillin and negative controls used dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The results of phytochemical screening showed that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts containing 5 secondary metabolites, while the hexane and chloroform containing only 2 secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity test showed that the negative control and positive control do not provide inhibition against test bacteria. All types of extracts with concentrations of 1% to 30% (w / v) gave inhibition against test bacteria. The diameter of the inhibition of K. pneumoniae and C. perfringens for all jatropha leaf extract at a concentration of 1% (w / v) did not show any significant difference to the concentration of 10%. Lowest MIC (0.10% w / v) there at the ethyl acetate extract (E3) and methanol (E4) for the bacteria C. perfringens.

Water supply payment system is old fashioned has many problem and need improvement. In this paper a new approach was designed that is based on pay method where you buy amount of water in advance. Water companies have difficulties in accessing conventional water meters in remote places. Inefficiency is increased with growing number of population .It has high cost and difficulties in delivering water bills. This paper discusses a pre-paid SMS based water dispensing system that solves these problems by allowing the amount of flow of water pre-paid to pass through based on low cost intelligent control system that uses microcontroller, solenoid valve, turbine flow meter and GSM server. This system accurately controls the amount of water paid for in advance without human intervention or need for conventional water meters by turning solenoid valve on and allowing certain amount of water to pass through the flow meter until credit expires shutting the solenoid valve. The software application provides real time information about the credit left and quantity of water consumed both locally on LCD and remotely by SMS server as well as date and time and validity of credit if applicable.

As per the results from the phylogenetic tree and BLAST analysis of the sequence data the isolated sp. identified as Galactomyces sp. of yeast. Isolated yeast sp. produced high levels of intracellular ?-glucanase after incubation for 36 h at pH 7.0, temperature 27 °C in the presence of 8 % glucose. The optimum pH and temperature observed for the enzyme activity were 5.0 and 50ºC respectively. Addition of metal ion salts like MnCl_2, COCl₂ CaCl₂ cause activation of enzyme. Yeast cell cultures grown with nitrogen sources like NaNo₃ and yeast extract enhance ?-glucanse activity.

We are very happy to announce that from 8th April 2011, Prof. Mandeep Singh has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Economics. Prof. Mandeep Singh is currently an Associate professor at Department of Economics, Guru Nanak Post Graduate Khalsa College, Yamuna Nagar, India. The appointment of Prof. Mandeep Singh as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

This paper presents a microcontroller based series parallel resonant converter suitable for the single stage single phase power factor correction circuits. The performance of the proposed converter is improved from no-load up to full-load. The steady state characteristics of the proposed converter are developed and a design example is given in detail. The proposed converter allows zero voltage switching at any loading condition with a reasonable power factor and with a promising efficiency. Simulation and experimental results verify the analysis made and the design specifications.

Radon 222 is a radioactive gas that evolves from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium in rocks and soils and is dangerous when inhaled indoors. Although some areas in the United Kingdom are at higher risks than the others, the effect on the health of its victims is generally devastating as several studies have linked radon to lung cancer. This research was carried out by administering structured questionnaire to voluntary participants dwelling in Loughborough, Leicestershire. The result showed that one out of every seven survey participants had never heard of radon and the effect on health. In addition to this, majority of the participants do not have an idea of the cost of monitoring radon in the home and therefore have never tested for radon. Also, one out of every eight smokers is not aware of the health effects of radon. This study concluded that there is the need for greater awareness of indoor radon health effect in the home. Further studies may be extended to other parts of the UK. Furthermore, there is also the possibility of wider study of assessing the level of indoor radon awareness amongst smokers in the United Kingdom.

Organizations looking at newer ways to attract employees and once recruitment walks into its portals focus on building loyalty. This whole portfolio of how to attract and retain employees is now called by a body of knowledge "talent management". Employee Retention is costly dilemma for all organizations. In today's taxing business climate, managing company's competent and skilled human capital is vital for success. Faced with a tough proposition in attracting talent, HR heads of companies have started applying the Segmenting-Targeting-Positioning (STP) approach of marketing, better known as 'employer branding Strategies. In the turbulent scenario where talent is continuously depleting, HR managers are facing problem in retaining their knowledgeable resource .Here are discussed some of the latest retaining strategies adopted by companies Another objective of performance appraisal as put by the company is to identify employees with high potential, but there is no section in the form where the level of potential of the employee may be identified as high, low or moderate._ Planning and organizing are two different abilities but are rated in the form as one factor. Modern organizations are operating in an unprecedented, highly competitive and turbulent business environment which is characterized by the globalization of business. Further, today's global workforce is more mobile than ever before. With a dynamically changing and volatile demand-supply equation, especially against erratic attrition trend and cutthroat competition no longer restricted to local or regional boundaries, a need for strategizing & putting in place a robust mechanism for attracting and retaining top talent becomes vital for the company's very survival and growth. The time is tough. There is no denial to the fact that in today's fast pace and knowledge boom, one of the most important factors for today's organization is talent. Its viewed that the availability of suitable and competent talent inside any organization determines the excellence of the same. Most companies today would acknowledge that their human resources are most important asset. But since companies can't own employees the way they own factories or product your success or failure hinges on the quality and duration of the relationship you form with your people. In present scenario people choose companies which have congenial atmosphere and prefer change if they don't get desirable, as it may hinder the growth and success of the company. Hence retention is vital. The study was conducted to test the hypothesis using stratified and simple random sampling, survey with a questionnaire. Retention of Employees in pharmaceutical industries of Bangalore,. The present study reveals the impact of retention strategies on pharmaceutical employees in Bangalore.. On the basis of this scores of hypothesis were made: I. There is no positive relationship between employee retention and productivity. So it will not give any impact on the financial health of the organization. 90% of the employees strongly agree that there is a relationship between employee retention on productivity and continuous performance in the organization. Survey findings made me to accept alternative hypotheses and reject null hypothesis. In this cases calculated values of chi-square is higher than the tabulated values. The study helps to retain employees in the organization and helps to formulate recommendations to improve retention.

Muthupet mangrove ecosystem (Lat.10o15’N; Long.79o30’E) is located at the southern end of the Cauvery delta on the eastcoast of India. Halophilic bacteria play an important role in mangrove ecosystem due to their role in decomposition of mangrove litter. In the mangrove swamp at Muthupet, a total of 32 isolates of bacteria were identified. Of these 32 species of bacteria, characterized by presence of 5 genus namely Bacillus, Carnybacterium, Vibrio, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas. The above five are dominant bacterial groups and were found to be present lagoon of Muthupet mangrove forest. Fluctuation values in bacterial density (39x103 spc.ml-1 to 99x104 spc.ml-1) and (144x103 spc.gm-1 to 175x104 spc.gm-1) in water and sediment at two stations was noticed respectively. Higher values were recorded during the premonsoon season and sudden decrease during the summer season. The bacterial population was found to be higher than that of the water, which may be due to the biodegradation processes of sediment mangrove leaves and vegetation, as well as due to high nutrient accumulation, precipitation of organic compounds and settlement of the dead organic matter in sediment. The paper identifies the seasonal distribution of Halophilic bacteria in few selected species in mangrove area of Muthupet.

Lead graphite-pencils have been associated in our daily life but it could be an easy source for understanding many unexplained properties of graphite based materials. The present work shows that lead pencils belong not only to the class of heterogeneous materials but also exhibited good soft ferromagnetic properties at room temperature. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL) were studied. Ohmic nature of the material was confirmed by electric conductivity studies.

In the present work, Y2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles like-spheres have been synthesized via simple method. Synthesis conditions such as calcination temperature and the additive 2,3-dihyrosybutanedioic acid are played a role for synthesizing Y2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles with superior optical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies have been carried out to understand surface morphological features and the particle size. The as-obtained nanoparticles have average crystallite size ranging between 25 to 45 nm. Crystal structure of the nanoparticles has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The incorporation of Eu3+ activator in these nanoparticles has been checked by luminescence characteristics, establishing that the main emission peak located at 613 nm corresponds to the hypersensitive forced electric dipole transition between 5D0 and 7F2 level of Eu3+ ions.