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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that can infect a wide range of warm-blooded animals including humans. In humans and other intermediate hosts, toxoplasma develops into chronic infection that cannot be eliminated by host’s immune response or by currently used drugs. In most cases, chronic infections are largely asymptomatic unless the host becomes immune compromised. Thus, toxoplasma is a global health problem and the situation has become more precarious due to the advent of HIV infections and poor toleration of drugs used to treat toxoplasma infection, having severe side effects and also resistance have been developed to the current generation of drugs. The emergence of these drug resistant varieties of T. gondii has led to a search for novel drug target. Threonine synthase is one such protein. It is a member of Serine / Threonine protein family which is a very important metabolic enzyme especially in signal transduction mechanisms of a cell. It is an active part of Glycine, Serine, Threonine Metabolism, Vitamin B6 Metabolism pathways. The PDB and Modebase 3D structure of Threonine synthase was not available; therefore homology model of Threonine synthase was constructed using MODELLER and model was validated using PROCHECK and Verify3D programs and SAVS and PROSA server to obtain a stable structure. The model was further explored for the molecular dynamics simulation study with GROMACS. Binding site was characterized by CASTp and PASS. Virtual screening of Threonine synthase was performed, against the NCI diversity subset II molecules (retrieved from ZINC database), through molecular docking studies using Autodock- vina. The Python scripts in MGL tools package were used to analyze the docking results. The top ten ligands were selected based on AutoDock energy score. Further the Complexes were analyzed for their interaction through LIGPLOT. On the basis of Complex scoring and binding ability it is deciphered that these top ten NCI diversity set II compounds could be promising inhibitors for T. gondii using, Threonine synthase as drug target, yet pharmacological studies have to confirm it.

The algorithm of the JPEG image compression based on DCT and IDCT was developed and implemented . The proposed algorithm can cope with the problem of impairing dependency of noised digital image. The result indicates that the algorithm is an effective way for grayscale image compression and the image rebuilt is acceptable. The practical experiments were done with MATLAB7.0. The algorithm doing experiments with MATLAB is simple and with little error, and it can improve the efficiency and precision of the image compression greatly.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is an inherited disorder that affects the muscle of the heart or the Myocardium. This condition results from a mutation to several genes that affects the production of cardiomyocytes proteins and therefore lead to an abnormal thickening and enlargement of the heart walls. That myocardial thickening induces rigidity and stiffness that reduces the heart efficiency of contractility and narrows the capacity of its cavities. Nonetheless it can cause an irreversible damage to the myocardial tissue producing a scar tissue that interferes with the heart electric activity and rhythm which may end with a life-threatening arrhythmia and death.

Static analysis means examining a program code and overcoming all possible errors that tend to occur at run-time. Static analysis tools are efficient in finding bugs and correction of defects that arise due to improper functioning of the code, before the actual execution of the code [10]. In recent times, technology has facilitated us with new tools that do deeper and more efficient code analysis and have a higher defect detection rate along with low fake warning ratio. This paper aims to deal with buffer overrun anomalies occurring in many areas of source code in Java.

Menstrual cycle is an integral part of women’s fertility period. Although having a minor pain during menstruation is normal, severe pain could not be considered normal. During years of adolescence and youth having severe menstruation pains is the main reason for absence of women from work and school, thus it is important to pay attention to its reasons and solutions for reducing it. The current research general aim is comparing the effect of 12-week Kegel exercises and stretching exercises on pain and quality of life of females aging 18 to 25 suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. In this research which was a quasi-experimental study, 60 individuals (20.21 years±1.85) from single girls of Bandar Abbas who visited clinics because of severe pain of menstruation from 2012 to 2013 were chosen through completing Evaluation Form of Primary Dysmenorrhea, Visual Analogue Scale (NRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire and they were randomly divided in to two groups of experimental group (Kegel exercises and stretching exercises) and control group. Exercises were 12 weeks long, 3 sessions per week, 2 times a day and each time for 10 to 15 minutes, and also after 12 weeks again the McGill Pain Questionnaire was distributed among 3 groups. Analysis results of repeating the measurements showed that Kegel exercise and stretching exercise are effective on reducing the severity and duration of menstrual pain. Also results showed that the effect of Kegel exercises on reducing severity and duration of menstrual pain is more than the stretching exercises. Based on these results, Kegel exercise and stretching exercise result in reducing the severity and duration of pain of primary dysmenorrhea. Thus perhaps it is possible to use Kegel exercises and stretching exercises for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

In this paper, the synthesis of 2-alkenylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene by direct [Pd]-[Cu]-[Ag] catalyzed C-H activation of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene with various alkenes was described. The structures of products 3a-f as well as the site-selectivity of the Heck-type cross-coupling reaction were clarified by NMR and MS analyses.

This paper presents a new technique, used to register two images of the same modality and that are assumed to be differ from each other, by a rotation and a scale. Recently, researchers have introduced image registration techniques using log-polar transform for its scale and rotation invariant properties. However, it suffers from non-uniform sampling and it leads to inaccurate registration. Inspired by log polar transform, a new technique, fast uniform polar transform (FUPT) is used to overcome these disadvantages. The proposed method yields more accurate registration than log polar transform.

State estimation in electrical distribution systems (EDSs) is an analyzing tool for estimating the state of it for close monitoring and controlling by distribution management system (DMS). In this paper, RESs integrated EDS’s state is estimated using the distribution system state estimation (DSSE) model. It is a minimization problem with equality and inequality constraints which describe the practical considerations of real time EDS. The objective of DSSE modeling and its minimization is to compute state variables. For minimizing the objective function of DSSE model Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is used to estimate load and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) output. The performance of the proposed work is evaluated on IEEE 33 bus test system using MATLAB working platform and compared with other evolutionary optimization algorithms.

This study examined the relationships between strategic business model, operational plans and big picture and strategic planning process among Libyan students in Malaysia. Data was collected from 204 respondents using structured questionnaire from the selected universities in Malaysia. The descriptive analysis revealed that, majority of the respondents were male who are mostly working in the tertiary institutions in Libya. Pearson correlation analysis using SEM have shown a significant positive and high relationship between strategic business model, operational plans and big picture and strategic planning process which means, higher strategic planning process is associated with these three concepts. In line with this finding the authors concluded that, strategic planning based on theory of Pfeiffer is applicable to Libyan universities due to significant and positive relationships between the concepts in Pfeiffer’s theory and strategic planning. Thus, the authors recommends that universities, particularly in Libyan should adopt the current approach of strategic planning in order to achieve the set objectives of their universities. Moreover, if this approach is implemented in the universities by the management, it will enhance in managing information and monitoring academic development.

This study shows that China has strategically, for the time period studied between 2000 and 2010 increased its investments in Kenya. The increase in China’s economic and political involvement in Africa is arguably the most momentous development on the continent today. One of the contentious issues surrounding Sino-African relations involves investments. Although Africa and China have been trading with each other for centuries, the level and intensity of their trade relationship have increased dramatically since 2000. China has gained long strides in the global arena and more so by investing heavily in Africa. China has become a major source of a wide range of manufactured goods and foreign investment in many Africa countries. The trends and patterns of trade between China and Africa suggest many possible impacts in Africa. While many African welcome the capital and know-how, others fear that China is stepping in with heavy boots in various cycles. This has raised concerns with the developed nations and big world donors raising concerns whether China would bring hope or problems. This paper examined the impact of the China’s Investments, economic and developmental activities in Africa with focus to Kenya. However, there are both gains and losses in the relationship between the two countries. Data and information was gathered from the existing literature, books, journals, newspapers and internet search. It appeared that there is scarcity of the up to date data and information about China-Kenya and much of the information available captured a number of the past years and since this was the information the author could access, it was the same information used to examine the research paper study issue.