Archives-October 2025

Species of ticks infesting cattle in Ituri Province, DRC.A study on species of ticks their distribution on sites of fixing in cattle dresses in Ituri province was carried out in the Territoires of Aru, Djugu, Irumu and Mahagi.At the end of the observations, the results are that : - Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus have the moderately infestin and very little represented while Demacentor marginatus is relatively less abundant but quite common to regions infestation ; - Famale cattle are more infested and adult cattle are the most infested in rainy periods ; - The predilection regions of the infestation are the haed, the neck, the ears, the abodmen and the thighs.

A study on the distribution of ticks infesting cattle in ituri province was undertaken. A thousand two hundred (1 200) specimens of ticks collected and thousand six hundres and fifty – two (2 652) cattle of local race mainly ( Hema, Alur , Lugbara) and Sanga or metis from crossing between locals composed the study equipment the determination keys used were those of Chartier et. al, 2000 ; Bouattour, 2002 ; Walker et al., 2003. At te end of the observations, the results obteined are that : - The cattle in the Province are infested by Ambyomma hebraeum, A. latum, A. variegatum, Demacentor marginatum, Haemaphisalis punctata, Hyalomma marginatum, Ixodes pilosus, I. ricinus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. microplus ; - A. variegatum (100%) and R. microplus ( 96,66%) are the mos tat abundant folow – up of Hyalomma marginatum (46%), Ixodes pilosus (38,34%) and A. hebraeum (34%) are relatively few ; - The territoires of Mahagi and Djugu have a tick resemblance of 85% and these with that of Aru 62%. These three territoires resemble that of Irum in ticks by 28% ; - The means of control of ticks used are above all the chemical control followed by rotation of animals on the meadows and finally, the use of bush fire.

This review presents a recent advance in natural antimicrobial food packaging. this packaging has emerged as a promising solution to improve food safety and extend shelf life decreases the carbon foot print while meeting consumer demand for sustainable packaging materials. The main tendency in package evolution is the switch from wasteful, polluting plastic to edible, biodegradable, film packaging that is antimicrobial active. This review comprehensively reviews recent research advances trends of polysaccharide-based materials in edible packaging addition of various components from natural agents (bacteriocins, essential oils, and natural extracts) to synthetic agents, organic.

Follow-up is a critical phase in the audit process that ensures corrective actions are taken in response to audit findings and recommendations. At the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA), Ghana, internal audits serve as a governance tool to enhance regulatory oversight, compliance, and operational efficiency. However, the benefits of audit recommendations can only be realized if management actively implements them. This paper explores the importance of follow-up in the audit process at the NRA. It presents the findings of a follow-up review conducted at the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA), Ghana, to assess the implementation status of audit recommendations over the period 2021 to 2024. The analysis categorizes recommendations into "Done," "Due but Not Done," and "Not Due," based on their implementation status and due dates. It provides an understanding of how structured follow-up contributes to improved internal controls and better resource management. The paper further outlines the objectives, scope, and methodology used to assess follow-up processes, providing a framework for enhancing audit effectiveness within the Authority.

This study assesses the impact of anthropization on the avian diversity of the Masako Forest Reserve (Tshopo, DR Congo), a protected area experiencing significant degradation due to human activities such as deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization. These pressures lead to habitat fragmentation and homogenization, threatening local birdlife. Conducted from February to July 2024, the study sampled birds across four habitat types (young fallow, old fallow, cultivated fields, forest fragments) using mist nets and observations. A total of 614 specimens representing 35 bird species were recorded, dominated by Passeriformes, particularly Eurillas virens and Cyanomitra olivacea. Fallow lands exhibited greater species richness than forest fragments. Shannon, Evenness, and Simpson indices revealed low overall diversity, with a strong dominance by a few species, indicating a disturbed avian community. Species like Cyanomitra olivacea demonstrate high adaptability, being present in all habitats, while others are highly specialized. Anthropogenic activities, including illegal hunting and overexploitation of resources, are the primary causes of this fragmentation and reduction in avian biodiversity.

Leg fractures are very common, accounting for 15 to 20% of all fractures [1, 2]. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and lesion-related aspects of leg fractures at the referral hospital. This was a single-center, retrospective and prospective study. Patients were admitted between March 2018 and May 2020 for open or closed fractures of the tibia or both lower leg bones. The information collected included, for the epidemiological component, sex and age, and for the lesion-related component, the etiological characteristics of the fracture, medical and surgical history, admission time, clinical signs at admission, and radiological characteristics of the injuries, including injuries associated with the leg fracture. We used the Gustilo-Anderson and the Osteosynthesis Association classifications as classifications. During the study period, we recorded 846 admissions to the trauma and orthopedic surgery department of the HGR, 90 of which (10.63%) had a leg fracture as the reason for admission; these were the subject of our study. The average age of the patients was 34.58 years and male sex (85.6%) predominated. Women represented 14.4% of the patients. The etiologies were dominated by road traffic accidents (65.6%), which affected more young adults, women being more prone to domestic accidents. In 83% of cases, two-wheelers (motorcycles) were involved in the occurrence of leg fractures. The patient admission time was less than 12 hours. In our series, two patients had a medical history, including 1 hypertensive patient and another hypertensive and diabetic, (2.2%). Only one patient had a history of surgery (1.1%). He was operated on for a fracture of the right leg. Functional signs (pain and functional impotence) were present in almost all patients. Only 7.8% did not present deformity of the affected limb on admission. The right side was the most affected with 56.7% (n=51), its middle third (34.45%) most often; the left side was affected in 42.2% (n=38) and 1 patient with bilateral involvement (1.1%). Open fractures (24.4%) were less represented than closed fractures (75.6%) and among open fractures, 54.6% were classified as type II according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification. Types I and III represented 18.3% and 27.2% respectively (IIIA=22.7; IIIB=4.5%). The most common type of displacement was overlapping, and according to the Osteosynthesis Association (AO) classification, type 42A3 was the most common, with 32.22% (n=29). Femoral injuries had the highest incidence of associated injuries. Conclusion: In the Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department of the HGR, leg fractures were more common in young males with road traffic accidents. Patient admission times varied considerably. Open fractures were less common and were dominated by type 2 fractures according to GA. Type 42A3 of the AO classification was more common, and the most frequently identified displacement was overlapping.