Archives-June... 

Achieving marital satisfaction (MS) is becoming difficult for many couples. In fact, MS of the first marriages has declined since the mid-1970s. Approximately, half of the marriages resolve their marital unhappiness through divorce. In order to achieve MS, abundant of research has been carried out to investigate what constitutes a successful marital experience. Recent researchers have attempted to investigate indicators of MS. Interestingly, many prominent marital researchers suggest that there is a relationship between preliminary attachment [early relationship between caregiver and infant] and marital quality. Moreover, scientific studies and contemporary psychologists have started to promote concept of preliminary attachment for better quality of marital life. The review of studies conducted in the west suggests that secure attachment has high predictive validity for concurrent marital relationship while avoidant and anxious attachment invalidate relationships particularly MS. Although studies conducted highlight significant role of attachment styles on MS, but there is a dire need to investigate the varied attachment by Islamic perception. The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate one of the indicators of MS which is attachment and proposing effect of its role in process leading to MS by highlighting Islamic perspective. This study can be useful for psychologists and counselors that educate attachment styles based on Islamic believe to couples, before transition to parenting.

The role of parasites in aquatic ecology and in fish culture can not be overemphasized. Increase number of parasites could affect health, growth and maturation of fish. Intestinal parasites in Synodontis clarias from River Dukku was investigated, a total of 200 fresh samples were randomly selected from the fish landing sites. They were immediately transported to the laboratory in an ice chest. Fishes were divided into three groups according to their sizes, their sexes were noted before they were subjected to parasitological examination. S. clarias was observed to have an overall infection of 68 %. Female fish species were observed to be more significantly (p<0.05) infected when compared with the male fish species. Fishes with the highest total weight value of 8.60-10.90 g were observed to have the highest prevalence rate of 75 % with a significant difference (p<0.05) when compared to the other groups. With respect to the number of parasite observed class Trematoda had the highest number of parasites, while class Cestoda was observed to be the least. This study infers that there is high prevalence of intestinal parasites in S. clarias captured from Dukku River.

The purpose of this paper is to present some instructional ideas for second language (L2) listening comprehension and their alignment with listening assessment. Among the suggestions are using spoken texts as instructional input, introducing the micro- and macro markers and providing students with authentic texts. In addition, the paper also highlights the importance of awareness-raising on the differences between spoken and written language among L2 learners. To expand the extant of the scope of possible instructional ideas for L2 listening, the discussion on pre-teaching of listening input and its connection to learners’ schemata is also included. To consolidate the discussion on instructional ideas, communicative reciprocal listening instruction is recommended for L2 listening instruction. Apart from instructional ideas, suggestions on how to develop a ‘considerate’ listening assessment that is in alignment with classroom instruction are also presented in this paper.

Management education is increasingly becoming important and plays a major role in the success of managers and organizations worldwide. The importance of the education sector, particularly a professional discipline like management studies, is increasing day by day in Indian country. The quantitative growth of institutions in private sector smacks of attempts to commercialize and these needs to be curbed. These institutions need to play a major role in producing the right quality and quantity of managers to meet the requirements of the market place. Nowadays the management institutions are facing a lot of problems for attaining quality in management education. In order to improve the quality Management education is being imparted in 17 National Institutes of Technology (former Regional Engineering Colleges, RECs) and to grade them to the level of IITs, these institutions have been fully- funded by the central government.

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial quality of 10 different Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPs) sourced sampled from traditional medicine distributors and retail pharmacy outlets in Accra, Ghana. A total of 10 herbal medicinal products that were made for in vitro administration were randomly sampled in triplicates for analysis. Microbial Count was performed on the products. Isolation and identification various microbes from herbal medicinal samples were done also done. The results show that all of the products had their manufacturing and expiry dates stated, 5 (50%) products have been registered by FDB. The microbial load of the products varied considerably. The lowest microbial count was 2.2 x103 cfu/ml and the highest count was 6.2 x103 cfu/ml. Two (20%) of the products showed no bacteria growth. The predominant organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureaus and Bacillus spp. Only one sample had fungi isolate from it. However, E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Salmonella spp was not isolated in any of the 10 samples. There is need for constant monitoring and control of the standards of herbal medicines products in the Ghanaian market.

Mountainous areas are one of the tourists' favorite destinations throughout the world. The lack of appropriate planning of responsible organizations and tourists unawareness about mountainous villages touristic potentials and reluctance of private sector to invest on providing proper facilities and equipment for tourists in mountainous areas have been caused tourism no development in these regions. The current research has been implemented in one of the mountainous regions of Guilan province in order to answer these questions that what are the advantages and limitations of tourism development in mountainous regions of Amlash county and what strategies exist for mountainous tourism development? Whereas recognition of strengths, pitfalls, opportunities, and threats, and planning to resolve limitations and increase benefits and create economic and social changes in this region are the obvious goals of this research, this paper used survey method (descriptive-analytical), field studies and questionnaires completion by three samples of statistical community (tourists, rural families (people), local managers) and determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the form of economic, social, cultural, ecological, and institutional in SWOT method to codify quadruplet strategies to develop mountainous tourism in AMLASHCounty. Studies have been shown that regarding to existence of strengths and opportunity in this region, threats and weaknesses levels are also very high and this region is vulnerable against tourism development and redistribution and reallocation of resources and appropriate and logical planning in regional level is an essential issue.

Mucoid cysts tibiofibular joint top (TFS) is a rare cause of nerve compression at the knee. We report the observation of a soldier of 46 years, who presented with painful swelling sitting at the top of the anterolateral aspect of the left leg third with peroneal neuralgia, lasting for four months. Clinical examination revealed an oval mass, deep, sensitive, poorly demarcated sitting on top of the anterolateral compartment of the right leg third. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee revealed an intramuscular myxoid cyst Depond joint superior tibiofibular. Electromyogram (EMG) was in favor of an invasion of the superficial peroneal nerve. A biopsy excision of the lesion was performed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a mucoid cyst. The evolution is marked by the complete disappearance of pain, recovery of normal sensitivity and lack of recurrence after a year of decline.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been one of the key contenders in various broadcasting standards, due to its immunity towards multipath fading and ease of implementation. But the issue security has not been addressed much, which calls for a separate modules performing encryption. Here a scheme of Encryption jointly with OFDM has been proposed based on rearranging the OFDM subcarriers to make the data non intelligible, which provides transit data security. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides both security and immunity against fading, together. Also, compared to the conventional OFDM system, this scheme provides encryption with no BER performance degradation and no additional bandwidth.

Acute poisoning by Organophosphorus compounds is one of the important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. Accidental and intentional pesticides poisoning occurs worldwide with a significant mortality. Recent studies have shown an increase in numbers with three hundred thousand deaths occurring in Asia alone. The most common pesticide in India are due to anti-cholinesterase’s which includes organophosphates and carbamate, followed by aluminum phosphide.The effective number of cases of pesticide poisoning occurring in India is very high, and the calculated number of intentional cases as reported by NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) is again very high. A retrospective analysis covering last 15 years showed the most common agents causing acute poisoning was anti-cholinesterase’s followed by aluminum phosphide.The with a mean age of 27.8 years(range 13 to 82 years) Organophosphates share structural similarity with acetylcholine and bind covalently with cholinesterase molecule. This results in accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses causing over stimulation at post-synaptic receptors in central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of acute OPC poisoning are secondary to stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic system, sympathetic ganglia; neuromuscular junctions.Disrruption of transmission will also occur at the acetylcholine receptor sites within the central nervous system. The muscarinic receptors,M1 and M2 have different regional distribution in brain. The M1 receptors are the main type found in the human cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus,while the M2 type dominates in the thalamus, brain stem,pons,and the cerebellum. Different subtypes of nicotinic receptors have been described in human brain using ligands with different affinities. Diagnosis of OPC poisoning is based on history of exposure to known OP compounds, characteristic clinical features. Estimation of acetyl cholinesterase activity is useful for confirmation of poisoning. But the degree of decrease in cholinesterase levels does not show linear relationship with severity of clinical features and prognosis. Detection of the offending agent in gastric lavage sample is one of the methods to determine the involved agent. OPC poisoning has several toxicological effects on the body, namely on respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neurological system & endocrinal system.

The influence of polypropylene fibers has been studied to improve the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete with Waste of Thermostone blocks used to produce lightweight coarse aggregate. The volume fractions of the polypropylene fibers (P.P.F.) used are: 0.0% for reference light weight concrete, and 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 0.1%, and 1.25% total volume of concrete for other mixes. The density, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, Flexural strength, and water absorption were measured. The results shows, generally, the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete increased with rising the percentages of polypropylene fibers. With P.P. fibers proportioning 1.0% at 28 days caused 13.93% increase in compressive strength and 43.65% increase in the splitting tensile strength and 41.69%increase in the flexural strength, therefore, it is used as the optimum proportion of the polypropylene fibers. The flowability of lightweight concrete reduced by addition polypropylene fibers, therefore Super plasticizer was used to improve the workability of fresh light weight concrete. The equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete method was used to determine the density of Lightweight P.P.F. and was 1789Kg/m3. Also, the results showed that there are increases in the water absorption for mixes with P.P.F.as compared with reference mix..