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Organotin compounds have attracted global attention due to their extensive use for agricultural, industrial, medicinal, and domestic applications. These applications have made them enter the environment. This has caused environmental concerns due to the proven toxicological relevance of the compounds. Their toxic effects result in extensive damage to non-target organisms at ultratrace concentration levels (ppt) and accumulation in sediments and biota. This leads to the legislative restriction place on the uses of some of these compounds. Despite the legislative restriction, their environmental pollutions continue. Hence, this review which is aimed at providing an overview of the application of organotin compounds and their environmental toxicities.

Osteoid osteoma is a benign osseous tumor of unknown origin, which affects preferentially the long bones. The localization in the phalanx is unusual and difficult to diagnose. We present a case of a twenty-year-old student, presenting with a painful swelling of the first phalanx of the right second finger of six months duration, not responding to anti-inflammatory drugs. The lesion was excised, and the histology confirmed the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. Through our observation and after a review of the literature, we analyze the clinical and paraclinical appearance of this uncommon localization, the differential diagnosis, and finally the therapeutic possibilities.

A study on rotifers was conducted to count percentage prevalence from Upper Dudhana dam of Jalna district, Maharashtra, India. Rotifera is major group from zooplankton having divers planktonic forms and they shows variation in occurrence amongst them. Samples were collected fortnightly interval for a period of one year from February 2014 to January 2015 and percentage prevalence was counted. Result indicated that the highest percentage prevalence was showed by Brachionus caudatus (87.5%) whereas lowest by Keratella vulga (20.83%) during the period of sampling. The authors concluded that Brachionus caudatus was persistently present in all the seasons of sampling period. The above study gives information of the status of rotifers and providing new insights into its ecology.

The balance of physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual student can be generated from both the academic and non-academic education. Student involvement in co-curricular activities can help to shape the soft skills of the students as the supply of self-promotion in the workplace. Student involvement, directly or indirectly can improve their soft skills, especially problem-solving skills that have a low percentage of the graduates in the country. The researchers wanted to investigate the students' perceptions of involvement in co-curricular activities to enhance the development of soft skills.

This research examines the effects of personality characteristics of mothers on the level of socialization and desocialization of preschoolers. Survey prepared in accordance with the purpose has been applied to parents and teachers of three different nurseries in Atasehir, Istanbul. The data attained from the surveys have been evaluated with SPSS statistics program in computer environment. In determining the levels of the social adaptation and maladaptation of preschoolers and showing their mothers’ personality characteristics, average and standard deviation statistics were used, to determine the relations between mothers’ personal characteristics and the children’s state of social adaptation and maladaptationthe correlation analysis and in determining the effects of the personal characteristics on children’s state of social adaptation and maladaptation regression analysis were used. As the result of the research, it has been found out that the preschoolers are affected by their mothers’ personal traits of compatibleness and emotional disorder negatively. As the mothers’ level of showing their responsibility and emotional disorder personal traits increases, the children’s social maladaptation level decreases. Other personal characteristics do not affect the social adaptation and the maladaptation level of children.

The organizations are interacting with suppliers, customers and even competitors in order to achieve the customer satisfaction as well as the greater success and profitability in the new commercial environment. Supply chain management is the most important part of the company’s strategy to optimize the planning and implementation of the processes to respond to the market changes and it will not be possible without the efficient and effective internal process. Certainly, to ensure effectiveness of the integrated processes, they should be periodically evaluated by some indicators. Therefore, this study has discussed the effectiveness of supply chain management using the balanced scorecard methodology, to do which a goal programming model is presented to minimize sum of deviations. In this study, first, the indices affecting the four perspectives (financial, customer, internal process and learning and growth) of balanced scorecard in ISACO Corporation are identified. Then, the weight and prioritization of the indices affecting the four perspectives of balanced scorecard are calculated, and then, the distance of performance of each one of the perspectives of balanced scorecard from the goals of the studied company has been measured. In addition, the goal programming model is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of supply chain in order to minimize sum of absolute deviations using the goal programming model.

The diversity and population density distribution survey of primate was conducted in Sambisa Game Reserve. The study noted three diverse primate species dominant that include Baboon (Papio anubis), Tantalus monkey (Cercopithecus tantalus) and Red patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas). The aim of the study was to determine density estimate, population structure and the relative abundance between species and habitat disturbances. Information on the objectives of this study is not sufficiently documented, it is therefore right to carry out such study so as to provide baseline information that could be used to plan conservation management strategies for primate. The line transect sampling method was used for the enumeration. The data obtained was analysed using the software package DISTANCE 6.0 to determine population density estimate. The result showed that primate population was concentrated in three ranges of the reserve (Kwada, Yuwe and Jeltere). Balda range has suffered habitat disturbances resulting into insignificant number of primate. The mean encounter rates (MERs) for the three species were 1.85km-1, 0.94/km-1 and 1.58km-1 for baboon, Patas monkey and Tantalus monkey respectively. Baboon had the highest estimated density of about 12km-2. The estimated density of Tantalus monkey in the study area was about 11km-2. Patas monkey had a density estimate of about 7km-2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of primate species densities for morning and evening count. The result indicated less activity in the evening for all the 3 primate species in the study area. The mean encounter rate for Baboon were 1.15 km-1 (n=110) and 0.71 km-1 (n= 68) individual animals for morning and evening sightings respectively. Similar results were obtained for the density estimate of both Tantalus and Patas monkey. The relative density for the three primate species across the four ranges in the reserve revealed that Baboon was not recorded in Balda range and only 2 individuals sighted in Jeltere. Kwada and yuwe ranges had the highest abundance of 119 and 57 individuals sighted respectively. The population structure showed declining trend as number of juveniles was relatively lower than adult population. However, the relatively higher percentage of female adults may result in population growth, if majority of them are within the breeding age. The diversity of primates in Sambisa Game Reserve is distributed throughout the reserve within a wide range of habitat types. The highest numbers of primate species were found in the centre of the reserve (Kwada and Yuwe) where habitat disturbances were controlled.

The shortcomings of Code model of communication have motivated the scholars of the field to adopt more adequate models including the inferential model and Relevance Theory which seem to be more appropriate ones (Gutt, 1992). Based on the fact that translation is expression of intentions and the act of reading it is recognition of those intentions, and the presumption that a considerable number of Farsi translations of English novels are not successful in this bi-lateral process (Mollanazar, 2001), this study was conducted in order to detect a number of impeding factors in that process as well as some procedures to avoid them. The researcher selected 10 sample excerpts from Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and 2 Farsi translations of each text. In the next step, 7 professors of Translation Studies were asked to analyze the selected excerpts and list the effort-increasing factors based on the criteria adapted from vandijk (1979). According to the results of the study at 2 levels of Phonology and Semantics there were specific factors which decreased the relevance level of the text. Considering the raters’ notes and analysing the excerpts, the researcher also proposed a number of instructions on the way such obstacles can be avoided in translation.

Wetlands are among the most productive life-support systems in the world and are of immense socio-economic and ecological importance to mankind. These are areas where water is the primary factors controlling the environment and the associated plant and animal life. They occur where the water table is at or near the surface of the land, or where the land is covered by shallow water. They are critical for the maintenance of biodiversity and perform a great role in the biosphere. Ironically, wetlands have been perceived as wastelands associated with disease, difficulty and danger. Emphasizing the negative impacts and ignoring their importance, these habitats were considered obstacles in the path of progress and hence drained, filled, despoiled and degraded for economic gains. The wetland loss has been responsible for bringing to the verge of extinction countless species of animals and plants. Inadequate understanding of the crucial role and utility of wetlands is a matter of serious concern. In the present paper, seven types of wetlands are compared in terms of their potentiality and economic advantages with tropical sea grass bed with highest productivity and estuarine mangrove wetland with lowest one.