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The results of the first for Bulgaria ecomonitoring researches, carried out during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) of 2011 in 4 biotopes of the Vit River valley in the direction middle – lower course trough tests performed to find chemical pollution, are presented; analysis of the biological diversity of bioindicative groups of organisms (bioindicative macroinvertebrate fauna), occupying different trophical levels in the researched freshwater ecosystems. The physicochemical monitoring was made on the basis of indicators of: acidity, insoluble substances, conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate ions, sulphate ions, copper, lead, etc.

Nanoparticles of ~10 nm in diameter made with chitosan or lactic acid-graftedchitosan were developed for high drug loading and prolonged drug release. A drug encapsulation efficiency of 94.4% and a release rate of 28% from chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours were demonstrated with bovine serum protein. A drug encapsulation efficiency of 97% and a release rate of 38% from chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours were demonstrated with aceclofenac. To further increase drug encapsulation, prolongdrug release, and increase chitosan solubility in solution of neutral pH, chitosan was modifiedwith lactic acid by grafting D,L-lactic acid onto amino groups in chitosan without using a catalyst. The lactic acid-grafted chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated a drug encapsulation efficiency of96% and a protein release rate of 15% after 24 hours. And in case of diclofenac, drug encapsulation efficiency of 98% and a aceclofenac release rate of 25% after 24 hours. Unlike chitosan, whichis generally soluble only in acid solution, the chitosan modified with lactic acid can be preparedfrom solutions of neutral pH, offering an additional advantage of allowing proteins or drugs tobe uniformly incorporated in the matrix structure with minimal or no denaturization.

This study was intended to investigate the satisfaction level of prospective teachers towards their training course and in this regard relevant literature was searched and required data was collected from the sample of 100 prospective teachers (only B.Ed. student,) through administration of questionnaire. After analysis of data it was disclosed that all factors including curriculum, teaching methodology, library and physical facilities and assessment have correlation with each other as well as great influence on quality of education and if all these components are considered while planning training program for prospective teachers than it will surely enhance satisfaction level among student teachers and quality of education in teacher training institutes will also raise.

This study aims to determine the relationships between perceived maternal parenting styles, self-esteem and depression with self-esteem as a mediator among adolescents. Baumrind’s typology parenting theory serves as the foundation concept in the model of the present study. Sample for the study consists of 202 secondary school students from Batu Pahat, Johor. Three instruments were used to measure the key variables in this study: Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and Beck Depression Inventory-Malay (Mukhtar, 2008). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to determine the model fit, and also determine the direct and indirect effect of the mediator. Correlation analyses showed that adolescents who perceived their mothers parenting styles as: 1) authoritarian is positively correlated with depression and negative correlated with self-esteem; 2) authoritative negative correlated with depression, and positively correlated with self-esteem; and 3) permissive positively correlated with depression and negative correlated with self-esteem. Additional analyses revealed that adolescents’ with higher levels of self-esteem showed low depression. Using SEM, the study model was found to have an acceptable fit (RMSEA = .059; CFI = .994 & p=.181). Implication, limitations and recommendations of the study were discussed.

This study aims to examine the learners’ and the teachers’ attitude towards learning English. It aims to explore the existing co-relationship between the attitudeand the achievement in English. The paper is limited to the JCC which may be applicable to any other college that is of similar type. The focus group has been used as a technique of data collection, however, personal experience and observation play a major role in the process of interpretation, conclusion and recommendations. The findings show that the positive attitude towards learning/teaching English plays an important role in the overall achievement in the target language. It has also been noticed that though the Saudi people realize the importance of using (especially speaking) English, they tend to show indifference towards those who try to interact in the foreign language. It is found that there is a positive correlation between attitude towards learning/teaching English and their proficiency in it. In addition, the study reveals that students have open access to use media technology such as websites, online learning, college developed e-learning resources etc which could be proved to be effective techniques and strategies for the target language achievement. On the other hand, it has also been realised that inspite of the fact all the necessary equipment and resources are in practice, the achievement is not upto the mark. Thus, teachers’ role is quite crucial in this connection. Many other studies can be undertaken to prove the positive effect of the attitude of the teachers/learners on learning in general and language achievement in particular.

A geo-electric survey involving vertical electric sounding (VES) was carried out at the Nigeria Mining Corporation‘s quarry at Omi-adio near Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria, with a view to determinning the thickness and spatial variation of the clay deposit in the study area. Twenty VES were carried out in four traverses using a Geopulse Tigre terrameter within the vicinity of the study area with each traverse having four to six VES points. Quantitative interpretation of the data involved partial curve matching and computer assisted iteration method. A 3D contour map showing the variation of clay resistivity and thickness was also plotted. The results show that the deposit is made up of four lithological layers namely top soil, sandy clay, clay and weathered/fresh basement. The resistivity curves fall into five categories HA type (i.e. > < < ) KH type (i.e. < > < ), QH type (i.e. > > < ), A type (i.e. < < ), H type (i.e. > < ) with KH type dominant. Also the Geoelectric section shows that the top soil has resistivity between 11.5 and 155.6 and thickness between 0.7m and 3.8m. The sandy clay layer has thickness between 0.2m and 4.0m and resistivity between 71.5 and 278.8 . The clay layer has resistivity between 7.7 and 33.5 and thickness between 4.8 and 31.0 while the fresh/weathered basement has resistivity between 46.3 and 871.7 .The depth to bedrock is between 6.2m and 32.9m.The coefficients of anisotropy fall between 1.01 and 1.76 suggesting the presence of good quality clay.

Bio-oxidation is the process of oxidation of metal sulfide using variety of microorganisms for leaching the metal. The aim of the present study was to assess the capacity of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, on the bioleaching of lead from galena concentrate. While the process carried out under the sulfur concentration about 6%, the results showed that the maximum of 79.8% Pb was leached from the galena.

Secondary sexual organ chela of Barytelphusa cunicularis, a freshwater crab was measured in females and males collected random at field from backwaters of Jayakwadi Dam. Segmental growth of major and minor chela was analyzed among sexes. In male all the segments in major and minor chela showed positive allometric growth while in female, merus and propodus only showed positive allometric growth. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of growth of major and minor chelae segments indicated that there was a significant difference in growth pattern between major and minor chela in males whereas in females the growth constants of major and minor chela segments did not differ significantly however, intercepts differ significantly.

Success is a disputed concept which is difficult to exactly define and quote. This study is related to Software Engineering field in which success factors and perception of key stakeholders (i.e. top management, core team and clients etc.) about software project success is tried to identify. Study postulates that there are so many dimensions which are behind of a successful software project. Success has different meanings and varies according projects to projects in Software Engineering industry. It is due to conflict in determination and selection of success factors among stakeholders. Software project stakeholders may differ based on their organizational culture and related goals, current market structure and their customized needs satisfaction (as a client or end user) from intended use of software. Qualitative technique has been applied by using thematic analysis on articles between the time frame of 1991-2010 with major three keywords of “software project success”, “project success” and “perception of stakeholders”. Study provides better understanding why there is a divergent view of success which stakeholders of a software project perceives and must need to know.

The preliminary survey of marine molluscs at 5 coasts of Shreewardhan namely Shreewardhan coast, Shekhadi coast, Dive Agar coast, Sarva coast and Harihareshwar coast were carried out. The occurrence of 65 species belonging to 52 genera, 35 families, 8 orders and 3 classes was noted. The Class- Gastropoda was diverse and represented by 3 orders, 24 families, 32 genera and 42 species. Class- Scaphopoda was represented by single order, family, genus and species whereas Class- Bivalvia was represented by 4orders, 10 families, 19 genera and 22 species of molluscs. Among these 65% of the species are gastropods, 34% are bivalvia and only 1% is Scaphopoda were noted. The present survey indicates that Sarva coast and Shekhadi coast are diversity rich followed by Shreewardhan coast, Harihareshwar coast and Dive Agar coast as far as molluscan diversity is concerned.