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The practice of FGM among some communities in Kenya, has been considered a major challenge to girl-child’s participation in education. However, some members of the same communities have embraced the alternative rites of passage for girls in which positive aspects of tribal culture are taught, such as self esteem, decision making, and respect for elders. This paper assesses the attitudes of teachers and learners towards female genital mutilation and alternative rites of passage based on a study conducted in Marigat District, Kenya. The selection of the study sample was done using stratified random sampling, simple random sampling and proportionate sampling. Schools were stratified into educational divisions from which 16 schools out of the total of 45 public schools in Marigat District were selected using proportionate random sampling. To get a specific school to participate in this study, simple random sampling was used. The respondents of this study included teachers and pupils from the selected schools, who were selected through simple random sampling. Questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis were used to collect data. Descriptive statistical techniques such as the means, percentages and standard deviations; and inferential statistics (t-test) were used in analyzing the data using SPSS. From the study, majority of the respondents were of the opinion that FGM rite of passage does not maintain female chastity whereas others stated that FGM rite of passage does not increase male sexual pleasure. While majority of the teachers agreed that FGM rite of passage is an important part of identifying with cultural heritages, majority of the students were not of the same view. This disparity might have been due to the age and experience differences that exist between the two categories of the respondents. Since FGM and alternative rite of passage did not prevent girls from being promiscuous, the learners should be told by parents and teachers on the need to avoid sexual intercourse before marriage.

Job Satisfaction is one of the key factors to increase employee morale. It blazons the amount of acceptance between one’s expectation of the job and the return that the job provides. Job Satisfaction is a part of life satisfaction. The job environment plays vital role to get the job satisfaction, moreover it resembles life satisfaction. Job Satisfaction is the result of various attitudes possessed by an employee. The expected output of the research is understood the policies and procedures of job satisfaction in the company. To meet this aim well structured questionnaire was prepared and data analysis has been done with percentage analysis

This research investigates the impact of organizational culture on employee retention with special reference to Al-Dhahirah region (Sultanate of Oman). No doubt there is a horde of potential candidates available for banking sector but this is veracity that highly skilled and experienced professionals are limited. For this reason banks are facing setback in finding these professionals and if they find then real challenge comes across that is to retain them. In Omani job market, there is a shortage of highly skilled professional in banking sector that leads to an increased probability of turnover of highly skilled employees. Since Omanization is in practice in Sultanate of Oman, banks have to depend upon local banking professionals only. This dependency creates an intricacy in arranging professional people for banking sector. An attractive salary is not the only factor that can retain employees for a longer span of time in the same bank but organizational culture is a hardcore factor to retain employees. This is a quantitative research being done by surveys in Al- Dhahirah region (containing 3 cities and dozens of small towns & villages). For data collection, 120 respondents are selected through random sampling method. This research explores six key factors of organizational culture that contribute to employee retention in banking sector. These factors are career opportunity, work autonomy, fair pay, recognition for job, challenging job and work-life balance. According to findings of this investigation, employees are not much satisfied with prevailing organizational culture in the banks and investigation revealed that they have a high tendency to switchover the job and pertaining low level of satisfaction with organizational culture. Research indicates that the work-life balance is maintained and employees are pretty satisfied in this regard whereas employees are not much satisfied with rest of five factors of organizational culture. It is recommended for higher management of banking sector that they will have to focus more on these five factors to develop an attractive organizational culture in the banking sector that will help retain employees for a long term.

The word “Bureaucracy” has been long applied in Iran, but its definitions and implications have been discussed in different forms. Most of its definitions are affected by individuals’ opinions and ideas and not by its real meaning. The importance is that unlike the current conception, bureaucracy in its real meaning is led to success although its improper use leads to poor performance of bureaucracy. In this article a scientific definition of bureaucracy is explained and its formation process in Iran is studied. Finally a solution is considered in order to optimum performance of bureaucracy in Iran. It seems that achieving the correct definition and adequate understanding of nature of bureaucracy are the best ways for planning and implementing a successful management with bureaucratic approach. Furthermore for coordinating bureaucracy with inside and outside environmental condition of the organization, this management method requires contingency and strategic approaches in order to apply it usefully and effectively in organizations with appropriate structures.

This study pays attention to the assessment of the effects pertaining to various financing methods on profitability indicators and investigates various financing methods applied in stock exchange during the period 2001 to 2004. Varied factors influence on the choice of best financing method. Financing in different entities is carried out by applying various sources. In order to answer the main question of this study, two hypotheses have been used in which the relationship between various financing methods and profitability indicators has been examined. In this study we aimed at answering the question: What is the most commonly-used financing method in member companies of Tehran stock exchange? In this research we analyzed a sample including 46 member companies of Tehran stock exchange during the mentioned period. The analysis of hypotheses was done by making use of statistical test of multi-lateral regression. All hypotheses have been measured at 95% level. Research results revealed the fact that there is significance relationship among financing methods, return on assets and gross profit margin. Member companies of Tehran stock exchange are more willing to apply debt and borrowing for their financing.

Moringa is known to contain elements that are essential to life. Major roles played by elements include enzyme activation, nerve impulse conduction, oxygen transport, immune functions. The two major groups of elements are major and minor elements (trace elements). Major elements such as Na, Ca, K,P, Mg and trace elements such as Fe, V, Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Co , Mn, Pb, Al, Br were determined using both Neutron Activation Analysis(N.A.A) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer(A.A.S). Further research is required to carry out the effectiveness of Moringa preparations in reducing the risks associated with diseases such as diabetes, hypertension.

Airborne beta activity measurements have been carried out on the site of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). The GAEC is a nuclear institution in Ghana that is involved in the application of nuclear techniques in research, radioisotope production and utilization, operation of a research reactor and processing of radioactive waste. Ludlum model 333-2 air beta monitor was used to conduct the measurements. Monthly averages of gross beta activities ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 mBq/m3. The gross beta activities measured were found to be due mainly to decay products of natural radioisotopes. Monthly total suspended particulate mass concentrations ranged from 22 to 110 µg/m3. Gross beta activities and particulate mass concentrations partially correlated. Based on these results, it could be stated that present ambient airborne radioactivity has minimal radiological consequences on the environment and inhabitants of the study area. Mass concentration levels would however need to be regulated.

This article describes the effect of cardiac insufficiency of the patient

A numerical study is presented on the effects of chemical reaction and magnetic field on the unsteady free convection flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past an exponentially accelerated vertical plate embedded in a porous medium by taking into account the heat due to viscous dissipation. The problem is governed by coupled non-linear partial differential equations. The dimensionless equations of the problem have been solved numerically by the implicit finite difference method of Crank – Nicolson’s type. The effects of governing parameters on the flow variables are discussed quantitatively with the aid of graphs for the flow field, temperature field, concentration field, skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number. It is found that under the influence of chemical reaction, the flow velocity as well as concentration distributions reduce, while the velocity reduces as porous medium increases. Viscous dissipation parameter leads to increase the temperature.

Vegetation and soil management needs a holistic approach which is already devised into the state and transition model and other ecological, while abolished, models. But these models have some disadvantages and limitations that disable them for managerial purposes. Here in this paper, using a case study to prove the idea, another complementary state and transition model is introduced. This model is more comprehensive and gives managers a more wide view into ecological processes undergoing in a site.