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The contact process preferably used vanadium pentaoxide as catalyst to increase the rate of reaction of producing sulphuric acid. Sulfuric acid plants regularly require catalyst replacement in order to cope with process improvements. The spent catalyst considered as hazardous solid waste and cannot be discarded untreated owing to presence of high amount of vanadium and other associated metal. Because of significant environment implications of spent catalyst wastes it is imperative to recover valuable metals present in them. The recovery of precious materials or metals from waste will not only help in mitigating environment problem due to metal pollution but also improve the economy of the country. The purpose of this research work is to develop method to recover vanadium from spent V2O5 catalyst. The detailed study of extraction, separation and recovery of vanadium from leached spent catalyst solution of composition; V, 3.6% ; Al,2.1%; Fe, 1.3 Ti, 0.8 and less than 1 % of Cr and Pb is reported in this paper. Cyanex 272 (bis (2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid) has been explored for the recovery of vanadium from spent V2O5 catalyst. The effects of different parameters like, pH, solvent concentration, organic to aqueous ratio etc were optimised for the complete extraction and recovery of vanadium. The proposed procedure gives high purity vanadium with almost a quantitative yield (~99%) and of course free from closely associated metals. The extractants could be reused up to ten cycles with no significant change in the extraction capability.

The main focus of this paper is to introduce the properties of some special types of compact spaces.

Today in water and soil sciences, many attentions have been arisen on Geostatistical methods to estimate spatial parameter using some data (kriging) or using auxiliary variables (cokriging). The quality of ground water for agriculture is very important, however its measurement is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, finding solution to estimate such parameters from easily measurable parameters is essential. In this study, two estimation models (spatial and regression models) were used to estimate SAR¹ and CL¹ in Tehran region using Geostatistic theory and spatial parameter concept. In this regard, ArcGIS software was used to estimate these parameters. Multi-parameter estimate of cokriging was applied using water salinity as an auxiliary variable. In addition, different estimation methods, cokriging, kriging and regression models, were compared and evaluated by RMSE statistic index. The results of this study showed that cokriging method with high correlations coefficient and with Gaussian Semivariogram is more precise than kriging and the selected regression models in estimating SAR and CL.

In this study, specific mathematical models for estimation of laboratory thermal conductivities from wire line log thermal conductivity within the ambience of locally oriented wells located in the Niger Delta have been established. The laboratory thermal conductivity is charactersed with high fidelity compared to wire line log thermal conductivity whose values vary with the variations and fluctuations of the lithology of the subsurface geo materials, well effects as well as the effects of the limited bed thickness of the adjacent lithological units of the Niger Delta where the study was stationed. The generalised equation kleff = 0.709 kweff + 0.188 is the model designed based on the site variables and constants of the locally oriented wells in the Niger Delta for stabilizing the unstable wire line log thermal conductivity value within the 1-2.5km depths where the oil-rich geo materials in the Niger Delta are usually found. Equations 3-9 which show inter-convertibility between laboratory and wire line log thermal conductivity have been established. These equations will be relevant in converting the usually available wire line log thermal conductivity to the usually desired and stable laboratory thermal conductivity for nearby virgin wells in the area.

Present study was design to measure the students’ perception and expectation from the teachers of higher education. Population of the study comprised of university students who dropped out from university or who got less than 60% marks. Students were contacted at university campuses and hostels in the vicinity of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A purposive sample of 86 male and female students was collected from these two afore mentioned levels of the population. Through this study various important role of teachers’ behaviour unravel and findings of the study suggest that teachers behaviour is important because it can favourably or adversely affect the student’s attitude towards learning. In the process of teaching learning students have expectations from their teachers, both professional and behavioural, negative behavioural traits of the teachers behaviour can impaired teacher students relationship and also disgrace teachers image in the eyes of their students. Findings of the study will be helpful for teachers to evaluate and re-examine their behaviour in the light of their students’ expectations.

The current form of human capital on economic ideas remained unknown, because been place has been considered for human capital in three-factor divisions of production factors. Such a division created a vacuum in the division of production factors of the tools necessary for suitable economic analysis, productivity and market value. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the relationship between human capital, productivity and market value in productive companies. For this reason, a number of 100 companies were selected through screening method during 2004-2011and then were tested through multiple regressions. Research hypotheses were divided into two branches in that components of human capital (wages and benefits, direct cost of laborers, indirect cost of laborers, administrative costs and staff sales) were examined in the productivity and market value. Results of research showed that there is a significant positive relationship between human capital and labor force productivity, but no relationship was observed between human capital and market value. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between components of human capital and indirect cost of laborers and labor force productivity. Moreover, there is a significant positive relationship between components of human capital and market value with wages and benefits.

An aqueous extract of Allamanda Blanchetti (AB) has been prepared as a corrosion inhibitor to control the rate of corrosion. This compound has been investigated as corrosion inhibitor at room temperature for preventing mild steel corrosion in Sulphuric acid and Hydrochloric acid medium by weight loss method and by adsorption isotherm. The result showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of this aqueous extract of AB was found to vary with different acid concentration. Also, it was found that the corrosion inhibition behavior of AB is greater in 2M H2SO4 than 2M HCl. So AB can be used has a good inhibitor for preventing mild steel material. The surface analysis study confirms the corrosion of the mild steel and its inhibition by the inhibitor Allamanda Blanchetti.

Cloud computing is used to distribute services over the shared pooled on internet. It has gained importance to the obscure part of the sole proprietor to get adjusted with the demanding amount data availability to the other business market. Thus, resource or data made available is the only vital point for any cloud computing system, and with “Pay as use” i.e. on demand is to appreciate. Not only this, the cloud also allows user to scale the data according to their demand whenever necessary for the growth. SOA in cloud plays a major role of facilitating the user for better service. But with the turbulent network bandwidth the system may face a congestion problem while delivering various services, thus it may impact on the service migration performance. This paper provides the overall survey of cloud services, data migration and dynamic service migrations in cloud

Primes are the building blocks of integer universe. Prime numbers plays a major role in number theory. This paper is a detailed survey on prime numbers.This describes different types of primes and some testing methods. In addition to that, we have constructed MATLAB programs using popular primality tests to determine a given positive integer is prime or not. Further, this concises the definitions regarding prime numbers, history of prime numbers, distribution of prime numbers, some mathematical occurrences and open questions concerning prime numbers. Moreover, the usage of primes in nature and in the real life has been considered.

This paper discusses the processes that English loanwords into EkeGusii undergo in the process of being accommodated into the EkeGusii phonological system. The data used in the paper is from native speakers of EkeGusii and Optimality Theory (here after OT) is used in the analysis of the data. This paper is different from most papers of the kind in that it uses a constraint based theoretic framework unlike others which either do not use any theoretical framework (Mberia, 2004 among others) or use rule based theories when they do (Zivenge 2009 among others). The paper focuses on two phonological processes: re-syllabification, i.e. syllabic change and phoneme change. For example, the paper discusses whether EkeGusii Phonology maintains the CV syllable structure when nativizing English loanwords with consonant clusters CnV (where n = 2, 3 or 4 consonants), given that EkeGusii language does not allow consonant clusters. For instance the English word ‘tractor’ - /tr?.kt?/ is realized as ekeragita [e.ke.ra.?i.ta], with a V.CV.CV.CV.CV syllable form. Thus for the English word ‘tractor’ to be accepted into the phonological system of EkeGusii, it has to undergo syllable re-adjustment. Notice that in the English form, the word has two syllables which are CCV.CCV, while in EkeGusii they are five, the first one being V. while the rest are CV.CV.CV.CV. Other adjustments include: vowel epenthesis to break the consonant clusters /tr/ and /kt/.