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Like in other developing nations, the hill rural- Terrie urban migration is increasingly becoming a common phenomenon mainly as a direct response to environmental degradation and rural poverty. In this regard, some socio-economic and demographic correlates play a pivotal role in the out-migration of masses from villages. A total of 200 households were survey to know the trend and major Pull and Push factors of community in the region. Under modernized perspectives, the drastic depletion in agriculture land and simultaneously the number of settlement sand population increases in the immigrant village. Thus raising the lower middle and middle class economy much pronounced, to fast out migration from rural hill to foot hill villages of Uttrakhand. The study has estimate the reason of the rural migration from hill area to terrain area of Uttrakhand after separation from Uttrapradesh. The results and people perceptions stated that high migration occurs for quality and sustaining social and economic services in the area. Thus the State and Central Government policy makers, planners and executive agencies has need of mitigate the serious problems and run a parallel programs for development of remote rural area of hill by community appraisals and Public Private Partnership.

Soluble protein concentration of seventeen wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in NaCl salinity (16 dS m-1 and two weeks exposure) was assessed to evaluate the ability of these traits in salt screening. There was an increase in protein content in salinity stress compared to control condition in root and shoot. Even thought, there was a clear relation between salt tolerance or salt sensitivity and soluble protein in shoot plant; we didn’t find any relation between tolerance and protein concentration in root. It seems that the increase in concentration of soluble protein can be a criteria to distinct salt tolerance in the shoot of early wheat plant. Therefore soluble protein concentration measurement can be applied with other trait such as Na exclusion, yield and yield components to screen wheat cultivars in salinity condition.

Soils inherently low in nutrients may respond dramatically to conservation management, yet evaluation of soil nutrients on absolute basis may not detect change. This study was primarily aimed at investigating the depth distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil carbon: nitrogen ratio (C:N), soil dry bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and their stratification ratios as affected by conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) under cocoyam in a Typic paleudult in two agroenvironments in southeastern Nigeria. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani Enugu (06?52' N, 07?15' E) and The Research and Experimental farm of Enugu State College of Agriculture and Agro-Entrepreneurship, Iwollo (06026'N; 07016'E), respectively during 2013 and 2014 planting season. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) with five replications and four treatments which comprised of conventional tillage with 150 and 300 Kg/ha of NPK15:15:15 and No-Tillage with 150 and 300 Kg/ha of NPK15:15:15. Soil analysis was carried out at both pre- and post planting at two soil depths (0-20cm and 20-40cm) in both locations. The data collected was analyzed using Analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Result showed that Conventionally-tilled plots that received 300 Kg/ha NPK had 0.121percent N. This plot had between 7% - 30% lower N content when compared to No-till plots amended with both 300 and 150 Kg/ha for 2013 and 2014 planting season. The results showed that No-till plots had significantly higher (18-43%) post-harvest percent soil nitrogen, organic carbon and carbon: nitrogen content when compared to conventionally-tilled plots at both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths. The stratification ratio of N (1.09-2.14 and 1.02-2.29 for CT and NT respectively), OC (CT, 1.10-3.07; NT, 1.01-2.42) and C:N ( CT, 0.79-3.02; NT, 0.74-1.99) whereas stratification ratio of bulk density (CT,0.72-0.98; NT, 0.74-0.99), total porosity (CT, 0.98-1.20; NT, 0.90-1.22) and hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)(CT,1.07-1.29; NT, 1.03-1.49) for both sites and years did not follow any particular trend. This implies that soils vary in inherent properties and that absolute values of soil properties at the surface can vary. However, a reference is needed to separate inherent from management-induced changes. Generally taller plants (P>0.05) were found in Conventionally-till plots when compared with No-till plots. At harvest (210 DAP), the highest corm yield was obtained in Conventionally-tilled with 300kg/ha N plots which gave 8.58 and 7.83t/ha in Iwollo site for 2013 and 2014 planting season respectively followed by no-till treated 300kg/ha of NPK which also had 6.58 and 6.00t/ha. Conventionally-tilled plots amended with 300kg/ha N had 35% and 36% higher yield when compared with No-till plots amended with 150kg/ha of NPK plots for 2013 and 2014 planting season. The high yield advantage of Conventionally-tilled with 300kg/ha N over the other treatments may be due to differences in tillage practices and N fertilization rates. Tillage and fertilization helped increase the rate of crop emergence, improved soil moisture status, soil air (aeration), and improved general edaphic conditions of plants resulting in better yields. The relatively high stratification ratio of soil organic C, and some other soil properties, implies that conservation tillage and fertilizer application can compensate to some degree for the removal of above-ground plant residues

The forgetfulness of foreign body after digestive and abdominal surgery, despite its rarity, remains a real challenge. Justifying the reputation of textilomas known as being difficult to diagnose. Training is needed to try to reduce this rare but serious complication. We report a series of 5 cases of abdominal and digestive tract textilomas collected over a period of 5 years in the department of visceral surgery and oncology of Oujda university hospital, with review of the literature on this issue.

The Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (TBL) or giant acuminate condyloma (GAG) is a pseudo-epitheliomatous proliferation belonging to the group of verrucous carcinomas. Its first description dates back to 1896. It was in 1925 that Buschke and Löwenstein made it a characteristic entity. It is of viral origin (HPV), of sexual transmission reaching mainly the ano-genital zones. It is characterized by its degenerative potential and its recurrence after treatment. TBL is a relatively rare condition and always preceded by condylomata acuminata, its annual incidence appears to be 0.1% among the sexually active adult population. It occurs at any age after puberty and predominates between the 4th and 6th decades. The infection can reach both sexes, it is frequently seen in the male sex. The development, persistence and recurrence of condylomas largely reflect the immune status of the host. Immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, lack of hygiene and HIV infection appear to be risk factors for this condition. The implication of the papillomavirus and in particular of its serotypes HPV 6 and 11 is accepted in the genesis of the TBL. Its prevention is imperative based on the treatment of condylomata acuminata and the fight against sexually transmitted diseases. The treatment must be early, it is essentially surgical requiring a wide excision. We report the case of a 55-year-old patient with a history of sexual vagrancy and repeated urethritis who consults for a penile tumor that has been evolving for 8 years. The clinical examination noted several infiltrated tumor lesions, cauliflower papillomatous lesions of the root and ventral surface of the penis, fetid and painless. The ganglionic areas were free. HIV, syphilitic and hepatitis B and C serology were negative. Treatment consisted of surgical excision with skin covering adjacent to the skin. The histological examination of the excision piece revealed an important papillomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis and some koilocytes in favor of a giant condyloma. After 2 years of retreat, we did not find any recurrence.

This study investigates the effects of scaffolding on Iranian students of advanced level in English writing system. Participants are 30 students who were studying passage one in an institute in NourAbad, Iran. This study was conducted to determine whether the scaffolding affect on their writing ability. Data were collected using language proficiency test. Then data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that scaffolding can improve students’ writing ability and help them to write more effectively.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of postgraduate diploma in teaching (PGDT) program graduates in utilizing various Active Learning Methods (ALMs) in their class room instruction. Descriptive survey research design that involves both quantitative and qualitative data types was employed. The participants of the study comprised 261 teachers, 21 principals & supervisors each which were selected using stratified, purposive and available sampling techniques respectively. Questionnaire, key informant interview, observation checklist and document analysis were the data collecting tools. The finding of the study revealed that, PGDT graduates were somewhat effective in utilizing various ALMs as the overall observed mean score of the respondents (2.03) was slightly above the expected mean value (2.0). Moreover, it was found out that; lecturing, group discussion, and questioning & answering techniques were the most frequently utilized ALMs with mean score 3.08, 2.90 and 2.89 respectively. Furthermore, the association between teaching experience of PGDT graduates and their level of utilizing different ALMs was not significant (r = 0.06, p=0.32 which is >0.05). T-test value t(257) =0.23, p=0.07 > 0.05) indicated that, there was no significant mean difference between male and female PGDT graduate teachers in utilizing ALMs in class room though the observed mean score of male PGDT graduates (mean=40.9) was relatively higher than their female counterparts (mean=35.0).

The growth of outsourcing industry across the globe is magnificent and has been continuously shooting up with double digit growth every financial year. It is like a fashion going on across the world of outsourcing. Due to its ever expected growth rate many firms have entered into outsourcing business in India too. But there is a dilemma among the entrepreneurs whether they will achieve the same pace of growth in outsourcing business or not? Whether they will have positive impact of outsourcing industry growth on their financial performance? Is there any relation between industry growth and firm’s individual growth? To answer these questions the current study has been taken over with two BPO firms as sample and finds relation with outsourcing industry growth. The study has taken 10 years financial data of BPO firms and 10 years revenue data of outsourcing industry for analysis. The research finds impact of industry growth on financial performance of sampled firms and studying relation between these two variables. With help of important financial ratios, t-test & pearson’s correlation study analyzed the data and achieved research objectives. The result indicates that there is a positive relation between the studied variables. Firms’ financial performance has been increased during the 10 years duration with an increase in industry revenue.

The study examined the efficacy of psycho-education in treatment compliance among the schizophrenics using cross sectional survey, before and after design, and in-depth oral interview. A total number of 41 participants (male=25, female=16) with age range between 18-55 years, mean score of 35.12 and standard deviation of 11.29 were drawn from both neuropsychiatric hospital oda road Akure Ondo State and Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (psychiatric unit) using health seeking behaviour scale developed by Okunade (1987) to explore health seeking behaviour pattern among the schizophrenics the mean score determined participants for intervention which is the psycho-education. The result revealed that psycho-education is a veritable tool in modifying health seeking behaviour pattern and treatment compliance among the schizophrenics.

With the consideration of sustainable development, three major objectives of watershed management in Iran are to lessen disaster, to secure local residents and their properties, and to conserve natural resources. Many single-objective management projects have applied to Iran’s watersheds for the last several decades to achieve those objectives, including soil conservation projects. However, conventional planning methods are not capable to handle the complexity and conflicts of mutli-objective watershed management projects. In this study, an integrated model combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), soil erosion model, and multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) is developed and applied for the planning of reservoir watershed management in Joneqan watershed, Iran. Performance of individual objective for each alternative is first estimated with the aid of GIS, RS, and soil erosion model. After the procedures of MCDM, a compromising solution is suggested based on the identified preferences on project objectives and their performances of all objectives. Besides, a list of alternatives with their priorities can provide further information on the trade off relationships among our objectives.