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Polycrystalline bulk samples of La_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃ were synthesized by solid state reaction method to explore their structural, electrical and magnetic properties. The Rietveld treatment of the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) profiles clearly indicated that the XRD patterns are well fitted with Orthorhombic structure. Raman peaks revealed their finger print positions and irreducible representations at the Brillouin zone center as presented by the group theory. Resistivity ‘?’ measurements revealed that  ? first increases as temperature ‘T’ decreases, exhibits a peak at T = Tp (Tp is the temperature corresponding to the resistivity peak), which is around 150 K in the present compound and then decreases as T is further reduced below Tc (Tc is the ferromagnetic curie temperature). For T > Tc, the resistivity shows activated transport as in an insulator. Magnetization study revealed that both a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition and an antiferromagnetic transition are involved. Possible mechanism contributing to these processes such as activated transport and Zener double exchange has been discussed.

The ligand 3,8-Dimethyl-5,6-benzo-4,7-diazadeca-3,7-diene-2,9-dione dioxime was synthesized by the condensation of o-phneylenediamine with diacety monoxime in a 1:2 mole ratio. It has been isolated in the solid state and characterized by CHN, IR, and NMR spectra. The ligand is a neutral compound and on complexation with metal ions loses one of the oxime protons with the concomitant formation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond. Six coordinate Co(III) complex, four coordinate square planar Ni(II) complex and five coordinate square pyramidal Cu(II) complex are synthesized by the reaction of the respective metal chlorides. All these complexes are characterized by infrared, electronic spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. Indirect evidence for the formation of intra-molecular hydrogen bond in these complexes is obtained by replacing the hydrogen bonded proton by the BF2 group by treating the complex [Cu (DO)(DOH) bzo) Cl] with BF3OEt2.

In this article neuro-fuzzy systems for active management of packet queue of the output port of a router of a telecommunication network are considered. The employment of this systems allows reduction of average packet delay in a queue of the output port of a router and lowering of the probability of packet discard.

Enthusiastic interest to protect their environments for improved agricultural production has led rural communities to adopt a desert encroachment control strategies through community participation. Thus, the present study attempts to compare the perceptions, participation and empowerment between socio-demographic characteristics of the participants of afforestation programme in Toshia community, Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 participants who were purposively selected. The data was analysed using t-test for the comparison and analysis. The results of the study revealed that there were significant differences in perception, participation and empowerment between ethnic groups, age and education level of the participants. The study suggests a guidance for community development professionals with a strategy for assessing the community and developing a principle based approach outreach, perception and participation.

Since one of the factors contributing to the understanding of the Qur'an, the words appear, it is clear that any change in the Arab derivation of a word or a variation of it, and turned to talk to other characters may lead to a change in meaning As a result, the interpretation of it. The author, wants to know whether the effect of the interpretation of the readings, such as fundamental changes in the concept and meaning of the Quran, so that he can decree the provisions of Sharia, or religious principles alter or causing minor changes and negligible in the interpretation and meaning of the verse is?. For this purpose, the expression of the sheer size of ten readings, Reading dispute that, in such a way to understand the meanings of the verses, and interpret it had an effect were selected according to the quality of the impact of differences in the interpretation of collected, various readings in the verses of monotheism is examined. At the end of the research and studies carried out in this thesis, the following results were obtained: Some differences in readings, has little effect on their interpretation, and most of the different dialects of Arabic, but some impact on their interpretation so may lead to change in order to be legal and religious. If the difference in some theological and religious issues, stemming from the differences in readings. Reasons and justifications for some time, after Imams life readings discussed, and not because of actual readings and more was learned that inductive and discretion. Although some commentators, on the basis of his interpretation have Hafs narration, but no other verse based on the readings, have been interpreted.

Extracurricular activities have a lot of influences on the growth of spirit and happiness in students; furthermore, they give essential training to them indirectly. Most students and their parents are not aware of the existence and function of such centers which are related to and controlled by education departments. This study attempted to investigate the influences of the classes of the students’ research houses on the spirit and the educational achievement of the students. Two parallel questionnaires each containing fifteen questions were distributed among 77 students who were attending the classes of these houses and 21 parents. Some interviews also were run. The data gathered were then analyzed. The results showed that the subjects and especially the students were satisfied with the efficiency of these houses.

Chemical industries are continuously faced with increasing challenges of safety requirements in plant design and operation. Consequently, more and more attention has been focused on developing greener, safer and efficient chemical processes employing process intensifying methodologies and equipment. While engineered safety devices can be added on to a plant as risk mitigation measures, safety is most reliably ensured by developing inherently safer techniques. This paper reviewed some of the process intensification approaches that could be utilized by chemical industries to improve inherent safety in plant design and operation protocols. Although the potentials of the techniques described in this review for intensification of chemical processing have already been proven in the laboratories, however their application on the industrial scale still presents a difficult challenge.

The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between linguistic intelligence, ethnic identity, and bilingual Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. To run the study one hundred male students at the intermediate level in an English institute in Sanandaj, Iran with mastery in Kurdish as their mother tongue, Persian as their educational language at school, and English as the third language or better say a foreign language were selected to take part in the present study. An ex post facto research was designed in which the participants of the study received a valid test of reading comprehension (NELSON-Danny Reading Scale developed by Brown et al, 1993), the Linguistic Intelligence Questionnaire (Gardner, 1999), and the Ethnic Identity Measure (Roberts, et al. 1999) as the measurement devices of the study. The data gathered was put into SPSS version 21 and since the normality assumption was met, Pearson Correlation was run to find answers to the questions of the study, and the results were reported. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between linguistic intelligence and bilingual Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. Also, there is a significant relationship between ethnic identity and bilingual Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension, and lastly, there is a significant relationship between ethnic identity and bilingual Iranian EFL learners’ linguistic intelligence. The findings of the present study could be used in the research and practical work pertained to teaching English in the bilingual areas of Iran and other countries with similar status, ethno linguistics studies, and teaching English as a foreign language in different places.

The prevailing spirit in doctrine and Sharia of Islam, from the beginning to tolerance, mitigation and disposal Distress and constriction, focused and grounded. Necessity to reductionist, in practice the provisions, variable and universal religion, in accordance with the principles of freedom and liberty, and the necessity of conflict with existing laws, including the reasons underlying the rule Religious permission, the legitimacy of the state of some of the laws, apply. Foundation legitimacy of discharge, the rules «Distress and constriction», and «no- damage» is Located. This study, in the light of legal texts, rules and principles, explain the rule Religious permission, as an important, focuses on Islamic law. In this regard, in addition to explaining the concept, and the status of the above, the expression and show some of it, of transactions, punishments and suspension provisions in the law, and the rules of civil law, criminal law and family law, encourages. The results of this study indicate that, approach the permissions, at present, according to the positions of «Obstruction of religious knowledge», and «Absence of religious texts», etc. necessity in solving «Updated issues» , with a new approach in «Demands of the time», is considered.

The authors have retrospectively studied 42 cases of tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis using large cannulated AO screws, staples and iliac crest graft mixed in treatment of fixed equinovarus deformity of the foot in adult patients. There were 25 men and 17 women aged 22 to 70 (mean, 45) years. All patients were reviewed with an average of 5 years. The operations were performed between 2005 and 2012.Preoperatively, all patients had 50° of the mean calcaneal varus deformity and 75° (60-90°) of equinus deformity on Meary’s radiological. There were 24 idiopathic, 8 post traumatic,6 neurologic associated with IMC,4 polio. Clinical and functional outcome was assessed with the kitaoka score, the x-rays included an AP and lateral view of the ankle and Meary view .Resultats were excellent in 73% , good in 18 % , fair in 9%. X-rays showed 3 nonunions after 2 years and were reported. We noted 2 postoperative cutaneous necrosis; the shortening was an average 2 cm. After a mean follow-up duration of 5±2.93 years; All patients stated that they improvement of pain and function. 40 patients returned to independent ambulation, wearing custom-made shoes with molded insoles. We belive that the tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis should be used to treat the fixed equinovarus deformity in the adult whatever its etiology.