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A profitable banking sector is better able to withstand negative shocks and contribute to the stability of the financial system. The importance of bank profitability can be appraised at the micro and macro levels of the economy. At the micro level, profit is determined by bank’s management decisions and policy objectives, while the macroeconomic determinants look at variables that reflect the economic and legal environment where the credit institution operates. Bank profitability, typically measured by the return on assets (ROA) and/or the return on equity (ROE), and/or net interest margin (NIM) is usually expressed as a function of internal and external determinants. These issues engaged the minds of the authors in this paper. Industry related dataset that covers a 10year period of time was used. The regression results indicate that bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic variables explain up to 97.4% variations in bank profitability when NIM was used as a dependent variable. Summarily, profitability was found to be associated with well-capitalised banks as capital ratio has a positive significant relationship with NIM; bank size has a negative but significant relationship with NIM; Asset composition has a positive but an insignificant relationship with NIM; Liquidity has a negative and insignificant relationship with NIM; all the macroeconomic variables apart from inflation have a negative and insignificant relationship with NIM. Therefore, the study recommends that regulatory authorities should promote policies that will bring about low inflation and stable economic output growth, whereas, bank managements should concentrate more on cost and non-performing loans reduction and asset composition diversification.

Malnutrition in under five is a major concern in developing countries including Somalia. More than 1 billion people are malnourished and malnutrition contributes to more than 30% of all deaths in children below five years. This study will investigate determinants of malnutrition in children under five years old in Mogadishu-Somalia at Banadir and S0S Hospitals. The specific objectives are: to identify how income level of household influences determines malnutrition in children under five years old; how health education determines malnutrition in children under five years old and finally to find out how dietary intake determines malnutrition in children under five years old. The study involves a design for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. The population in study is 450, and its sample size is 212 and main data collection tool is a semi structured administered questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed on content matter of the responses. Quantitative data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for social Scientist (SPSS Version 22) using multiple Regression tool for analyzing the data. The result was presented in the form of summaries, such as statistical tables and discussions and illustrations. The study findings are useful for the health workers as reference in the determinants of malnutrition for children under five old and the community at large. The study findings showed that 77% of the respondents agreed that the income level of household affects child nutrition while 23% of the respondents disagreed. The study findings indicated that 21% of respondents had gone to the nutritionist 'once', 9% of them had gone to the nutritionist 'twice', 11% of them visited the nutritionist '3 times' while 4% of them had gone to nutritionist 'above 3 times' while 55% of them had 'never gone to a nutritionist. Education training on nutrition plays a very significant role in reducing malnutrition. Study findings indicated that 2% of the mothers with malnourished children breast-fed their children to provide their children balanced diet because breast milk for first six months is balanced diet. 85% of the them breast fed their children to protect them diseases. 13% of them breast-fed their children to take part their proper growth. The researcher is recommending that Income growth alone will not reduce rates of malnutrition, and so direct interventions to tackle malnutrition is needed. Things such as vitamin, mineral and micronutrient supplementation; kangaroo mother care, early initiation of breastfeeding, promotion of dietary diversity; community-based nutrition education, and school feeding programmes. Education may change women's preferences about the quantity versus the quality of children, with educated women choosing fewer children but of better "quality". Mother’s education has a greater impact on the educational attainment and school achievement of children than father's education.

Anaemia is a nutritional problem affecting all segments of the population in general and children, woman & pregnant woman in particular. In the latter groups, prevalence of anaemia may be as high as 60 – 70 per cent. Anaemia in our country is essentially due to iron deficiency although in children, woman & pregnant woman, folate deficiency also plays a part. Although our diets contain fairly good amount of iron, its absorption is very poor (2- 3 per cent).9 Micronutrient malnutrition commonly referred as “Hidden Hunger”, causes learning disabilities, impaired work capacity, illness & ultimately death. Forty per cent of the world suffers from iron deficiency.

A methodology based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed and validated to quantify lithium in spodumene mineral sample. Validation parameters, including linearity and range, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), were evaluated. The method is linear over 1.0 – 9.0 µg mL-1, with a coefficient of correlation (r) > 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were 0.2 ?g mL-1 and 0.7 ?g mL-1. This method is very precise; intraday precision measurements had a relative standard deviation (RSD) value of 4.00 %. This RSD value was lower than that required by Horwitz. The mean recovery percentage was 99.06 %, indicating that this method could accurately quantify the lithium in the studied mineral. The percentage of lithium oxide in the spodumene mineral sample was 0.33 –0.39%.

Altogether 272 species and infraspecific taxa of algae and cyanobacteria were identified in the Enguri River habitats during 1974-1977, and 2014 field trips. Total list of algal flora including our findings and reference lists is represented by 339 taxa (excluding diatoms) and most of them were bio-indicators. Charophyta, Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta species were dominated in communities. Altitude play the major role in distribution patterns of algal diversity and ecological groups of water quality indicators.

E-Banking (also known as On-line banking or Internet banking) refers to doing the financial transactions using the banks website from anywhere in the world. Just by having a computer/laptop with Internet connection the customer can do their financial transactions like transferring money from one account to another account, paying bills like EB Bill, telephone bill, mobile recharge, online purchase etc., Even though the e-banking offers lot of facilities to customers, still customers are facing some of the problems like security issues, loss of password, misuse of funds etc., There were lot of studies conducted to identify the customer perception and satisfaction on e-banking services. The objective of this article is to identify the various empirical studies conducted on customer perception on e-banking by using the literature survey. The outcome of this literature survey is to analyze the areas in which the empirical studies are carried out on customer perception on e-banking and to identify the research gap where the research is not covered so far.

Capital structure plays acritical role in determining the performance of a firm. The study investigated the effect between capital structure and financial performance of SMEs in hotel sector in Mombasa County and environs in Kenya. The study used profitability and liquidity as a measure of performance. SPSS software was used to analyze and generate reports for the study. Regression analysis, correlation coefficient, ANOVA, Chi-square tools and instruments were used. Regression coefficient showed B-0.021, beta -0.017n, t- 0.289 p- value 0.773. Therefore capital structure negatively and significantly affects the financial performance of SMES

This work focused on the effect of groundnut paste fineness modulus on the quantity of oil extractable. Three samples of peeled roasted groundnut seeds A, B, and C weighing 14kg each were ground at different machine speeds of 310rpm, 250rpm, and 230rpm respectively. The energy expended in the extraction process using the IAR kneader was found to be 923J, 1043J, and 203J for samples A, B,and C respectively. Results revealed that the extraction efficiency increases as the value of fineness modulus decreases. The results also revealed that the energy requirement decreases as the fineness modulus value decreases.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of antioxidant additives (hypotaurine and cysteine) in different concentrations to the cryopreserving media on the semen cytological parameters pre freezing and post thawing (motility, membrane integrity, morphology, acrosome integrity and viability).The experiment was done on 30 ejaculates collected by artificial vagina method from 5 boer goat bucks during April to May 2011. After collection, ejaculates qualifying standard criteria were pooled. Pooled ejaculates were washed for seminal plasma removal and then diluted in medium based on Tris in which antioxidants were added in various concentrations (hypotaurine 5, 10 and 20mM; cysteine 5, 10 and 20mM) or without antioxidants (control). The diluted semen was cooled at 4ºC, filled in 0.25ml French straws and then stored in liquid nitrogen. The results showed that semen quality did not differ (P < 0.05) in terms of morphology and acrosome integrity with antioxidants supplementation after cooling. Hypotaurine and cysteine significantly improved the characteristics of boer goat semen motility, membrane integrity, morphology, acrosome integrity and viability after cryopreservation. Addition of hypotaurine at 10mM and cysteine at 5mM concentration leads maximum improvement in liquid and frozen boer goat sperm cytological characteristics.

The study investigates the effect of Staff Socio-Mobility skills on Library Staff Productivity in seven Academic Libraries in South West, Nigeria. The focus of the study is to identify socio-mobility skills of staff, determine the effect of staff socio-mobility skills on staff productivity in these libraries. The sample population consisted of 150 librarians, and a descriptive survey was adopted for the study with the questionnaire used as the main instrument of data collection. However, a total number of 113 copies of the questionnaire were returned, thus giving a response rate of 75%. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that library resources management has positive effect on their productivity. Librarians at Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (FUNAB) have higher productivity than those in each of the other academic libraries. In order to determine the effect of socio-mobility skills on library staff productivity, an hypothesis was formulated and tested and it shows there is no significant effect of staff socio-mobility skills on staff productivity in the selected academic libraries. The study concluded that library staff should be encouraged to attend seminars, trainings, and workshops in order to improve their socio-mobility skills, and librarians should ensure they publish regularly in learned journals to enhance their productivity.