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Deinking is an important step in recycling of waste paper and flotation is commonly used in this process. Conventional laboratory-scale flotation cell was used to study ink removal from waste printed papers. Different type of surfactants such as, cationic, anionic or non-ionic, were employed in pulping and flotation processes. Two surfactants of each type were used in this comparative study. The effect of concentration and type of surfactant, consistency, pH and temperature on the deinking was investigated. The efficiency of deinking process was determined by measuring of the brightness of hand sheets formed of deinked fibers. The highest brightness was achieved by using 2-octanol alcohol (as a non-ionic surfactant) in pulping and flotation stages. Under optimum conditions for this surfactant, a brightness of 86% is obtained from a feed of 44%.

Verbs which drives from “bayestan” (must,should),”tavanestan”(can) and “shodan” are simple modal verbs in Persian. Syntactically, these verbs are defective. Semantically ,these verbs at least receives two readings :epistemic modality and root reading. whenever they conveys concepts like “permission”, ”necessity” or “will” they have root reading, which divides into two sub_ classes root_ deontic and root_ dynamic. epistemic modality conveys “possibility” or “”probability”. Epistemic_ objective is based on scientific data but epistemic_ subjective is based on personal judgments .Root modality co-occurs with subjective forms and epistemic modality co-occurs with indicative forms.

The present work is an attempt to identify key structural features that govern the anti-malarial activity of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles using pharmacophoric analysis. The work is based on a dataset of fifty-six molecules comprising diverse derivatives of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole. The structures were drawn, optimized and aligned using standard protocol. The final model was developed using aligned molecules. The analysis reveals that the anti-malarial activity of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles is related with features. The analysis points out that in future modifications these features should be retained.

A simple, highly sensitive, accurate and selective method for determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) in water samples is presented. a novel ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E-MWCNTs) solid-phase extraction adsorbent was synthesized by covalently O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N´,N´-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate onto the surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The stability of a chemically ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E-MWCNTs) especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid was studied which used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of (E-MWCNTs). The method is based on (E-MWCNTs) of Pb(II) on surfactant coated C18, modified with a ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E- MWCNTs). The retained ions were then eluted with 4 ml of 4 M nitric acid and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at 283.3 nm for Pb. The influence of flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, pH, breakthrough volume, effect of foreign ions on chelation and recovery were investigated. 1.5 g of surfactant coated C18 adsorbs 40 mg of the Schiff’s base which in turn can retain 15.2±0.8mg of each of the two ions. The limit of detection(3?) for Pb(II) was found to be 3.20 ng l -1. The enrichment factor for both ions is 100. The mentioned method was successfully applied on determination of lead in different water samples. The ions were also speciated by means of three columns system.

In criminal law, cybercrimes, are very broad scope, and includes a variety of theft, fraud, deception, harassment, intimidation, extortion viruses and cyber terrorism are. The Iranian criminal law, criminal called extortion does not exist, but in Article 669 of the Penal Code, adopted in 1996, the sanctions decreed that, whenever someone else, in any way threatening to kill or harm breath, or honor, or financial , or disclosure of the secret, to his or her relatives, to those determined by the demand of funds or property, or demand it, or omission done, or not, to flogging up to 74 lashes, or imprisonment of two months to two years he will be sentenced. Material element of the crime of extortion by putting the publication of private photos in a virtual environment, action is threatened. The threat that, in fact, a kind of spiritual abuse, and psychological pressure, the announcement and expressed my intention, and behavior that is illegitimate and illegal, did not intend to do it. In other words, threats, intimidation, and fear on the other side, by creating fear in order to obtain money, or is immoral gratification. Rea required for this crime, including general and specific intent is bad faith, malice general, the determination wisely and deliberately in committing the crime. In other words, the perpetrator knows and is aware that the leaking privacy, criminal act, and against the law, with knowledge, bad intentions, will commit this action. In this study, after the introduction of the concept of cyber crime, the different types of cyber crime, offer suitable solutions for the prevention of computer crime will be addressed.

This study looks at the students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of the invention project showcased at USIM Young Inventors Fair in promoting critical and creative thinking among the First Year Bachelor students of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). 350 students were involved in this quantitative study which aimed to assess the students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of using an invention project in promoting their thinking skills. An invention project was assigned whereby students were to reflect on the critical and creative thinking skills they have acquired while completing the project. Results revealed that the students perceived that the invention project has indeed contributed in promoting their critical and creative thinking skills. Most of them reported that they had benefited through their involvement in the invention project. All 18 assessed statements have mean scores below 2 and the standard deviations are less than 1. Thus, using the invention project is indeed an effective way to promote critical and creative thinking skills of the students.

Two different samples of fish were procured from Ombi River, Lafia – Jos Road, Nasarawa State, North-central Nigeria. Catfish (Claria gariepinus) and Tilapia fish (Oreochronis niloticus) and shared into two parts, smoked and unsmoked: The fish samples were analysed for protein, moisture, ash, lipid and carbohydrate content. The unsmoked and smoked Tilapia fish showed higher protein and carbohydrate content (31.50 % - 32.81 % and 13.00% - 16.27%) respectively compared to unsmoked and smoked cat fish (21.00% - 19.80% and 0.48% - 2.47%) respectively. While the unsmoked and smoked Tilapia fish showed low moisture, ash, and lipid content (12.00 % - 10.40 %; 15.60 %-16.00 % and 26.50 % - 25.83 %) compare to the unsmoked and smoked cat fish (21.00% - 19.80 %, 20.40% - 21.40 %, 28.33 % - 27.50%) respectively. High protein content in Tilapia fish proved the fact that Tilapia fish belongs to the category of fish with high protein. While high lipid content in Catfish, gave an indication of cat fish belonging to category of fish with higher lipid. The results of the analysis showed variation compared to the result of other similar researches. This could be as a result of some factors, which may include geographical location, sex, species, age, nutrient, migration and Season. The processing method altered the composition of the Cat and Tilapia fish as a result of heat where denaturisation of the fish composition is believed to have occurred. The low moisture content in smoked fish samples is as a result of water loss during smoking process and low ash content in the unsmoked fish samples can be ascribed to low content of inorganic elements. It can thus be concluded that fresh fish is more nutritious for human consumption.

Psychoanalytic theories of both modern and postmodern dimensions have given us infinitely rich, complex and subtle ways of thinking. It most cases it has crossed the boundaries of speaking about body and sexuality, identity and difference, and also knowledge, language, culture. These theories mostly see gender as fluid suggesting our gendered subjectivity as unstable as it is vulnerable to the subversion of unconscious desire. In particular, psychoanalysis not only suggests the variety of biological drives but also the complicated social construction which arise out of the experiences within our particular historically and culturally situated families. Psychoanalysis still remains central to contemporary work on gender despite imperfections, limitations and omissions even in the light of powerful later developments. It has opened up crucial insights about conceptualizing the construction of identity and their changes by the meanings of language and culture.

Earthquake is one of the frequent non-human natural disasters that would expose an individuals to the risk of potentially traumatic events. Traumatic events like earthquake leads the survivors to different resilent responses, short-term and long-term clinical and sub-clinical symptoms or consequences that fall outside of diagnostic criteria. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) represents one of the most frequently occuirng psychiatric sequelae to earthquake exposure. Research evidences suggest variation in the prevalence and factors effecting PTSD including age, sex, exposure to other traumatic situations and so on. The present study aims at exploring the prevalence of PTSD and its influencing factors. 169 school teachers of 19 different government schools of Kavre district who experienced the earthquake of April 25th 2015 (Richter Magnitude 7.8) were assessed by using The PTSD checklist (PCL: weathers, litz, Huska & Keane, 1994). The result showed significantly higher rates of PTSD among the school teachers effecting femles more than males. There was statistically significant association between sex and PTSD. Besides sex, other factors influencing PTSD included their situation after earthquake, beliefs about the huge aftershock and life after earthquake. There was strong association between their belief about the huge aftershock, life and status after earthquake and PTSD where as the situation of the subjects during earthquake had marginal association with the PTSD.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of developing Questionnaires of Deviant Sexual Behavior and Awareness on Sexual Deviation Behavior Based on Islam. Some criteria’s has been identified to develop these questionnaires in the aspect of psychology, counseling and Islamic education. The benefit is to produce an applicable instrument to the Islamic context. These questionnaires were developed through integrated discipline of psychology, counseling and Islam and the aim is for enable to measure sexual deviant behavior from the Islamic perspective. The main sources of these references were based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision (2000), Checklist Sexual Behavior Inventory (Friedrich, 1997), Al Ghazali Model (Yatimah and Mohd Tajudin, 2008) and the tendency of immoral behavior based on human sense according to Islam (Amir Hassan, 2007). DSM-IV-TR (2000) which involved some clinical items such as exhibitionism, frotteurism and voyeurism. Meanwhile Checklist Sexual Behaviour Inventory (Friedrich, 1997) were refers to personal boundaries, exhibitionism, self-stimulation, sexual interest, sexual knowledge and voyeuristic behavior. Counseling Model Based On Human Traits Al Ghazali (Yatimah and Mohd Tajudin, 2008) involved some items such as limitation in intermingle, aurat limitation, sense limitation, and the tendency of immoral behaviour based on human sense according to Islam (Amir Hassan, 2007) such as part of body, hands, mouth, ear and eye. These questionnaires has been evaluated for the content validity and expert validity from the internal expert and external expert. The result of these questionnaires showed a commonly acceptable for the Cronbach alpha value more than 0.6 (Kerlinger, 1979). The Questionaires of Deviant Sexual Behaviour Based on Islam for the value of Cronbach Alpha was 0.7038 and Awareness on Sexual Deviation Behaviour Based on Islam for the Cronbach Alpha was 0.7183.