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Cytochalasin D is a cytotoxic compound used in cellular research and drug development. Cytochalasin D is produced from molds, often in mixtures which are difficult to purify. Yields from the synthesis of the compound are poor, hence the high cost of the cytotoxic compound. Static cultures of a group of endophytic fungi: were sub-cultured in 250 ml conical flask each for three weeks. Each of the endophyte culture was transferred into ten 2.0 dm3 Thompson bottles and allowed to grow for 8 weeks. TLC studies of the individual crude extracts indicated that the four mangrove endophytes produced the same compounds. The crude extract obtained from RAR 5-6 was dissolved in warm ethyl acetate and left overnight. A white solid (0.90 g) precipitated from the solution. The solid was removed by filtration and recrystallized from the same solvent to give pure cytochalasin D. The resulting filtrate was chromatographed on silica gel. Fraction 5 yielded a yellow viscous liquid (270 mg). This was triturated with alcohol and left to stand for 48 h to give white crystals, Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the compound was 5-carboxymellein. The production of pure cytochalasin D from these endophytic fungi could be a source of commercial production of this important cytotoxic compound.

A main part of Iran is considered as arid and semi-arid regions as well as water is one of the limited factors for these areas. Controlling the destructive floods is an important activity due to destructive floods and water shortages. In this regard, flood spreading is an effective strategy to control and use floods. To determine suitable areas for flood spreading and direct water into a permeable formation is one of the most important factors in determining the success of flood spreading projects. The present study was conducted to combine and compare the Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for flood spreading in Ivar watershed, NE Iran. For this purpose, 4 main criteria, 8 sub-criteria and 24 indices were selected. Percentage and degree of importance for criteria, sub-criteria and indices of flood spreading was determined by AHP in Expert Choice. Questionnaire forms were filled in by experts so that those which have high degree and percentage of importance are more important. After that, the maps were prepared by geographic information system (GIS). Based on the results of AHP and Expert Choice, the highest and lowest relative importance was recorded for sediment volume and Unemployment rate, respectively. According to Delphi technique, indices of soil permeability, flood quality, soil texture, slope, aqueduct, and sub-criteria of water, aquifer, topography, as well as criteria of permeability and flood are important in order in locating flood spreading for Ivar watershed. According to the results of the techniques used in this study, it is revealed that criteria, sub-criteria and indices in Delphi and AHP have approximate results. Hence, using these techniques interchangeably in location of flood spreading can be effective and practical.

This paper deals with a cold standby redundant integrated h/w and s/w systems with priority, preventive maintenance, maximum operation time and maximum repair time. The system fails completely directly from normal mode. A single repair facility is provided who visits the system immediately. After, a maximum operation time system undergoes for preventive maintenance directly from normal mode. If repair of the h/w is not possible by the server up to a pre-specific time, it is replaced by new one with some replacement time. However, only up-gradation of the software by new one is made whenever s/w fails to execute the desired function properly. In model 1st, no priority is given whereas; in 2nd model, priority is given to s/w up-gradation over h/w repair. The failure time distribution of the h/w and s/w follows negative exponential while the distributions of preventive maintenance, repair, up-gradation and replacement time are taken as arbitrary with different probability density functions. The comparative study of mean time to system failure (MTSF) and profit function of both models have been made graphically with respect to preventive maintenance rate for fixed values of other parameters.

Computational chemistry is rapidly emerging as a new branch of chemistry. It is basically the application of chemical, mathematical, and information technology principles to the solution of complex chemical problems. It uses computers to the 3-dimensional structures and key properties of molecules and materials. This information can provide critical insight and better mechanistic understanding of complex chemical systems, leading to discovery and development new materials with superior properties. Computational chemistry is widely used in many multidisciplinary fields with applications in chemistry, biology, and material science. This paper provides a brief introduction to computational chemistry.

Cystic dilatation of the bile ducts is a rare congenital malformation. It’s due to an abnormality of the biliopancreatic junction involving the extra and intrahepatic bile ducts. It’s the second leading cause of congenital disabilities of the bile ducts after atresia. According to Todani, several types depending on the site, shape, and distribution of the malformation. It’s evoked in front of the inconstant clinical triad: pain, jaundice, and mass. Ultrasound and better sectional imaging confirm the diagnosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice to prevent malignant degeneration of the cyst wall and bile ducts.

In this study, the evaluation of moisture and mass transport parameters of hot air drying of tomato slices was investigated at air temperatures of 60°C, 80°C, 100°C and 120°C for samples of 3 to 11 mm thickness using a convective air dryer. Using the experimental data, the objective of this study is to determine the transport parameters (lag factor, drying constants, moisture diffusivities and convective mass transfer coefficient) for tomato slices subjected to convection drying. The analysed drying data were obtained in the period of decreasing drying rate. Regarding the results of moisture and mass transport parameters, the drying coefficient of tomato varied from 3.83×10-5 s-1 to 3.067×10-4 s-1 under our air-drying conditions. The lag factor of tomato slices ranged from 1.0791 to 1.1070. The mass Biot number values for tomato slices were in the range of 0.5586 to 0.9379. The effective moisture diffusivity for tomato slices ranged from 3.90×10-10 to 1.06×10-8 m2/s, for our drying conditions. The convective mass transfer coefficient values for tomato slices were in the range of 2.98×10-7 to 1.04×10-6 m/s. The activation energy for moisture diffusion was 28.203 kJ/mol, 27.488 kJ/mol, 29.433 kJ/mol, 31.844 kJ/mol and 32.668 kJ/mol, respectively for tomato thicknesses of 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm and 11 mm. For the same tomato thicknesses of 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm and 11 mm, the activation energy for convective mass transfer was 36.717 kJ/mol, 35.977 kJ/mol, 38.047 kJ/mol, 40.550 kJ/mol and 41.206 kJ/mol, respectively.

Corporate social responsibility encompasses a wide range of issues ranging from business ethics, corporate governance, and socially responsible business practice to environmental sustainability and community engagement. CSR is an idea whereby companies integrate their social and environmental commitment in line with their economic development within an interaction with stakeholders. Company committed on improving the quality of life of its workforce as well as local community and society in general. The issue of CSR is gaining interest around the world since 1950’s, where academicians and practitioners have been consolidating the research in this area. In Malaysia, CSR issues recently begin applied and measured by companies. This paper analyzes the evolution of the CSR concept and presenting various definitions from literature together with Malaysian banking institutions definitions. This article aims to shed some light on the how banking institution in Malaysia defines CSR and perform their CSR activities.

The corrosion inhibition of tin by Phyllanthus niruri extract in different solutions of HCl (1N, 2N, 3N) and H2SO4 (1N, 2N, 3N) was investigated by weight loss and thermometric methods at 301K temperature. From the study it was found that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in the concentration of extract in HCl and H2SO4 solutions. Results indicate that Phyllanthus niruri extract was an efficient natural corrosion inhibitor in acidic media. The stem extract of the Phyllanthus niruri is better than leave extract of the plant. Absorption of Phyllanthus niruri depends on its chemical compositions which showed the presence of various compounds like alkaloids, flavanoids, steroids, tannins etc. which has O, N and S atoms with lone pair electrons to form co-ordinate bonding with metal.

The dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is a rare tumor, and the epididymal localization is even rarer. The treatment is based on inguinal orchi-epididymectomy, with resection of adjacent structures if invaded. Adjuvant radiotherapy may be an attractive approach, given the high rate of local recurrence. Metastatic patients and dedifferentiated subtypes constitute the main indications of chemotherapy, even if her role is still debated. We describe the case of a 58-year-old man who underwent surgery for a dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the epididymis. A review of the literature for the various facets of this condition is also provided.

In this paper folded printed dipole antenna with PBG operating for Ultra wide band applications ,The geometry of the antenna is very simple for fabrication and printed circuit board integration that is only 42*36 mm, the proposed antenna are simplified structure with 50 ? feed line .the PBG structure antenna working in the frequency at 3.2 GHz and 3.9GHz with the bandwidth 68% and 50 % respectively ,In this proposed antenna has maximum gain 4.664 dBi and 3.8 dBi at 3.2 GHz and 3.9 GHz respectively .The proposed radiation pattern is omnidirectional in the E-plane and H-plane due to the orthogonal configuration of the dipole strips. The folded printed dipole antenna with PBG structure antenna should be useful for the UWB applications, The radiation characteristics examined in further sections.