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Water scarcity in Sub-Saharan has led to utilization of the wastewater in home gardening and also in commercial production of vegetables. Wastewater is associated with various contaminants, including heavy metals that are toxic and life threatening to humans. It was therefore important to evaluate and quantity the levels of heavy metals in the vegetable tissues supplied with both wastewater and tap water. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the uptake and accumulation of cadmium and lead in selected indigenous vegetables for two seasons from September to November 2017 and January to March 2018. The field trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and in the greenhouse the treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (RCD) replicated three times. Two types of water sources (wastewater and tap water), two types of irrigation (foliar and root-applied) and four vegetables were the main treatments. The findings revealed that Amaranthus accumulated highest amount of lead in its tissue for the field experiments in season 1, season 2 as well as the greenhouse (3.69mg kg-1 and 4.85mgk g-1 respectively. For cadmium Kales had the highest uptake of 3.38mgkg-1, 0.639mgkg-1 and 0.36mgkg-1 in season 1, season 2 and greenhouse. Interaction effects were also reported in the two metals and the respective vegetable species. Due to high levels of contamination in the water used in irrigation could be the reason for high accumulation of the metals in the vegetable species. Proper phytoremediation measures need to be put across to improve the quality of the vegetables in the region to promote healthy living among the consumers. 

The present study was conducted to investigate in monitoring the effect of vegetable wastes, Probiotics and Bioflocs on the growth and performance parameters of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in 90 day feeding trail experiments. Due to the addition of vegetable wastes, Probiotics and Bioflocs into the culture operation significantly increased the growth potentials in shrimp. The vegetables are known to contain biomolecules including lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins and phytonutrients which were forming as rich sources to shrimp growth and maintenance. In the present study the vegetable wastes were substituting the fishmeal contents in the feed formulation and also successfully catering the needs of the growth, molting, metabolic requirements of shrimp. Due to the addition of probiotics and bioflocs into the culture operation also facilitates not only the maintenance of hygienic aquatic environment and also increases the production of heterotrophic bacterial growth and large quantities of planktonic forms, which in turn will be useful as supplementary feeding materials and subsequently increase not only the growth rates and also productivity. The growth parameters such as weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in probiotic and biofloc added feeds compared to vegetable waste formulated feed. Feed conversion ratios were shown to be decreased in probiotic (2.15) and biofloc (1.93) added feeds compared to vegetable waste (2.54) formulated feeds in the present investigation. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding, absorption, conversion, excretory and metabolic rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to vegetable waste incorporated control feed. So, vegetable wastes may be considered as an ideal replacement for fishmeal in the formulation of shrimp feed along with the addition of probiotics and bioflcos for successful promotion of growth potentials for shrimp L. vannamei culture operation.

Cognitive radio (CR) can successfully deal with the growing demand and scarcity of the wireless spectrum. To exploit limited spectrum efficiently, CR technology allows unlicensed users to access licensed spectrum bands. Since licensed users have priorities to use the bands, the unlicensed users need to continuously monitor the licensed user’s activities to avoid interference and collisions. How to obtain reliable results of the licensed user’s activities is the main task for spectrum sensing. This work will mainly focus on the spectrum sensing based on energy detection algorithm.

Today's environmental performance is one very important factor in evaluating the success and the processes and products comply with environmental requirements, creates an important competitive advantage for companies. Environmental accounting can help companies large and small, industrial, manufacturing and service sectors and in large or small, based on a systematic basis according to requirement in the development of methods based on activities such as water costs, activity-based management, total quality management and process re-engineering to be used. Environmental accounting, the tool equips the traditional accounting system has been revised that environmental information processing and properly report and will give managers. Environmental accounting system, based on the classic ideas of accounting change is complete. In this respect, the benefits and elimination of pollution is calculated as a function of the product or service. Environmental accounting and accountants can make the link between environmental management and to encourage the two groups to work together to move to the next hand, the company's financial performance and improved environmental performance. In this paper, environmental accounting, of its usefulness and cost-sharing process has been studied.

The management of osteochondral tumors is a major challenge due to their rarity, diagnostic complexity, morbidity, and mortality. The objective was to assess the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of osteochondral tumors in Bamako (Mali). A retrospective, multicenter, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted over a five-year period (January 2019 to December 2023) in three university hospitals of Bamako, Mali. Patients admitted during the study period with complete medical records who were followed for at least six months were included. The prevalence was 6.2 cases per 10,000 patients. The mean age of patients was 35.3 ± 20 (range: 2 to 82 years). Pain was the most common presenting symptom in 90.6% (184 cases). Pelvic localization represented 166 cases (81.3%). There were 154 cases of malignant tumors, including 140 primary cases (70%) and 14 secondary cases (7%). Stage IV according to the TNM classification represented 26.1% of cases. Surgical treatment was the most common, accounting for 61.6% (125 cases), combined with chemotherapy in 106 cases (52.2%) and/or radiotherapy in 7 cases (3.4%). The outcome was favorable in 59.1% of cases. Recurrence and death were associated with malignant tumors in 16 cases (7.9%) and 19 cases (9.3%), respectively.

Today, consumers can go through different online channels by which they are able to interact with sellers. This research has specifically examined the factors essential for the acceptance of online shopping in Pakistan. These factors have been selected on the basis of international market literature that will provide ways to implement online shopping in Pakistan including the personal choices of the users. Four hypotheses were developed and tested with the help of a systematically designed questionnaire, comprising of over fifty questions. Where, H1: Muslims are more reluctant to adopt online shopping option as compared to consumers from Pakistani Christian community. H2: Females from urban background are more inclined to purchase online than the females from rural background. H3: Fear of insecure dealing of personal information is positively associated with refusing online shopping websites. H4: The choice of online shopping is more dependent on the quantity of information provided about the product with suitable illustrations on the website than the colour or font of the website content. The questionnaires were distributed among 500 students of the selected institutes throughout Islamabad, Pakistan at random. H1 and H4 were supported while H2 and H3 were not supported by the data. The findings of this research are helpful for the e-marketers and managers to better understand the methods of increasing the online sales via online retailing in Pakistan. The major limitation of this study is that it is focused on the students studying in the universities of the single geographical location, therefore the results may not be generalizable to other geographical locations.

Five derivatives of oxazolone were synthesized by using Erlenmeyer azlactone synthesis. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of these oxazolones was evaluated on selected skin microorganisms. Preliminary screening was performed to identify growth inhibition, and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was determined for the active compounds. Results obtained were very promising and the most active compound in our screen was the dimethoxy substituted oxazolone, which demonstrated a significant enhancement of antimicrobial activity both against selected bacterial and fungal strains. The MIC value of the highly active compound was found to be 12.5µg/ml.

The occupational radiation doses for medical staff at the Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Hospital's departments of diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, cardiology, gastroenterology, radiological physics, and bioengineering were monitored and evaluated. To ascertain the status of their average yearly effective dosage and average cumulative lifetime exposure, 250 medical radiation employees were observed. The Radiation Safety Lab of the Department of Radiological Physics and Bioengineering at SKIMS was where the analysis for this study was completed. Based on their clinical responsibilities and expertise, the observed personnel were divided into two subgroups: technical professionals and physicians. Thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLD-BARC (CaSo4:Dy)) were used to measure the whole body doses in all categories of workers, with the exception of those in the cardiology lab and gastroenterology, for whom the TLD was worn under the lead apron (0.5millimeter lead thickness). Additionally, an extremities dosimeter was given to each of the three departments—nuclear medicine, cardiology, and gastroenterology. Radiological physics, nuclear medicine, radiation, cardiology, gastroenterology, BE, and SKIMS Medical College employees' annual average effective doses were found to be 0.26, 0.60, 0.18, 0.35, 1.37, 0.17, and 0.25 mSv, respectively. The average hand/extremity dose recorded by the department of nuclear medicine utilising the unsealed radioisotopes was 1.06mSv. Cardiology and gastroenterology, two departments that use fluoroscopic guidance for a variety of procedures, were also given an extra extremity dosimeter, and the average dosages were discovered to be 0.42 and 5.57 mSv, respectively. The measured annual dosage resulted in levels that were significantly lower than the international recommended occupational dose limit.

At the Makelekele base hospital in Brazzaville, the most neglected aspect of activities is hospital information management. Our study aimed to assess the quality of information by interviewing patients hospitalised or consulting at the Makélékélé base hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach based on the quality criteria of the Delone and MacLean models. Our study population consisted of a group of patients, users of hospital information. The patients gave their consent to participate in the survey. Confidentiality and anonymity of the data were ensured. A total of 300 patients responded to the questionnaires, most of them with a satisfaction rate of over 60%. The satisfaction rate of the patients appeared to be satisfactory with regard to the comfort and cleanliness of the room (63.27%), the noise in the ward (60.20%) and the organisation of discharges. The responses (90-100%) regarding possible improvement of the quality of the data were maximum. The statistical results were significant. Our survey revealed a relatively positive patient satisfaction rate regarding the quality of care, the comfort and cleanliness of the room and the noise in the ward. Patients were satisfied with the organisation of hospital discharges. Most respondents were unanimous about the evolution of data quality. The measurement instrument used for this exploratory research concluded that the target population had a high level of satisfaction. Users were clearly satisfied with the current information system. This investigation revealed that there were significant gaps in data quality that should be prioritised in the management of the Hospital Information System. Our study has allowed us to understand the constraints that hinder information management in the hospital. There were specific elements of health information that need to be diligently applied (information quality) or improved and enhanced (information use).

The purpose of this article is to examine the broad contours of Eritrea-India relations in the past two decades, and in turn to stimulate further academic and policy researches with specific focus on the opportunities and challenges. To this end, secondary and primary sources have been thoroughly referred. Eritrea-India relation was formally established when Eritrea emerged as an independent sovereign state on May 24, 1993. Since then, both countries shared multi-dimensional relations, but with very limited results. India has provided manifold assistance to Eritrea in areas, such as agriculture, education, and science and Technology. India’s engagement with Eritrea also extended to technical assistance, training and capacity development under the framework of South–South cooperation. Recent development in trade and various investment initiatives are also a reflection of the new stride in the bilateral friendship. In addition, Eritrea has been hiring a great number of skilled labour from India. However, the bilateral relations is not always without estranges. Trade imbalance, restrictive monetary and fiscal policies and Eritrea’s more closeness to China are among other fault-lines. The balance sheet of the two states bilateral relations however proves the positive gains from the current diplomatic impetus. Finally, the researchers suggested to Eritrea and India to make more effort to bit back fences against the curve of evolving bilateral relation and avoid obsolete mechanism which is purely interest driven.