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Corrosion is a natural destructive process, in which metal loss their properties through unwanted chemical or electrochemical attack by its environment, in this process metals revert back to their natural and lower energy state which is more stable than the pure state of metals, it showed that corrosion is a reverse chemical process of extraction of metals. In the refining process, energy is added to the ore to produce the pure metal. Aluminium is one of the most important metals on the earth which is widely used for different kind of activities. Generally aluminium metal exists in the forms of their oxide and it has high corrosion resistance to atmosphere and pure water but it is corroded adversely in presence of acidic environment.The corrosion inhibition of aluminium by Euphorbia Neriifolia linn in different solution of sulphuric acid was investigated by using weight less and thermometer method at 301K temperature. The findings of the study shows that the inhibition inefficiency was maximum (93.11%) for highest concentration (0.7%) of stem extract in lowest strength of sulphuric (1N) and inhibition efficiency was minimum (74.82 %) for lowest concentration of flower extract (0.1%) in 3N sulphuric acid and the study showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increase in the concentration of extract of plant in H2SO4 solution. The study shows that extract of Euphorbia Neriifolia linn is an efficient natural corrosion inhibitor in acidic medium and the stem extract is better inhibitor than leaves and flower extract of the plant.

Follow-up is a critical phase in the audit process that ensures corrective actions are taken in response to audit findings and recommendations. At the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA), Ghana, internal audits serve as a governance tool to enhance regulatory oversight, compliance, and operational efficiency. However, the benefits of audit recommendations can only be realized if management actively implements them. This paper explores the importance of follow-up in the audit process at the NRA. It presents the findings of a follow-up review conducted at the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA), Ghana, to assess the implementation status of audit recommendations over the period 2021 to 2024. The analysis categorizes recommendations into "Done," "Due but Not Done," and "Not Due," based on their implementation status and due dates. It provides an understanding of how structured follow-up contributes to improved internal controls and better resource management. The paper further outlines the objectives, scope, and methodology used to assess follow-up processes, providing a framework for enhancing audit effectiveness within the Authority.

A Schottky barrier on GaN film grown on Si (111) substrate by low cost electrochemical deposition technique at 20 °C was obtained and characterized. Pd was used as a Schottky barrier contact. The temperature dependent current-voltage (I-V-T) curves have been measured on Pd/GaN contacts in the range of 300-470 K. Thermionic emission theory has been applied to the curves and the Schottky barrier heights, ?B0, and ideality factors, n, have been calculated. Barrier heights and ideality factors are evaluated as functions of temperature. These measurements indicate that the Schottky barrier height increases and ideality factor decreases with increasing temperature. The apparent Richardson constant was found to be 2.38x10-7Acm-2K-2 and mean barrier height of 0.3 eV. After barrier height inhomogeneities correction, by assuming a Gaussian distribution (GD) of the barrier heights, the Richardson constant and the mean barrier height were obtained as 19.3 Acm-2K-2 and 1.54eV, respectively. The corrected Richardson constant was very closer to theoretical value of 26Acm-2K-2.

The corrosion resistance of trivalent chrome conversion coatings on electroplated zinc is studied and compared with that of hexavalent chrome conversion coatings in salt spray testing conditions. The trivalent chrome conversion coatings and hexavalent chrome conversion coatings were unstable at pH 3. All samples had more than 5 % of the surface area covered with white rust after 24 hours of salt fog exposure. The corrosion resistance of the samples is as follows: TM 3108 ~ SP 25 > 747 at pH 6.5. The highest resistance obtained on the TM 3108 with white rust appeared after 400 hours of salt fog exposure. All of the hexavalent chrome conversion coatings and trivalent chrome conversion coatings had corrosion current densities (1.26×10-7 ÷ 1.82×10-7 A/cm2) much smaller than corrosion current density of the zinc electrodeposited sample (7.7×10-6 A/cm2). The compositions of corrosion products of sample surfaces after exposure were investigated. The results of analysis by means of X-ray diffraction showed that the corrosion products formed on zinc coatings, trivalent and hexavalent CCCs in atmospheric conditions of Hanoi had the distinctions specialty of the humid tropical climates. Zinc sulfate hydroxide hydrate Zn4SO4(OH)6.H2O; Zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate Zn4CO3(OH)6.H2O; Simonkolleite Zn5(OH)8Cl2.H2O; Chromium Sulfate Cr2(SO4)3; Zinc chloride sulfate hydroxide hydrat Zn12(OH)15(SO4)3Cl3.H2O; Eskolaite Cr2O3 had been identified. The presence of SO2 resulted in the formation of Zinc sulfate hydroxide hydrate Zn4SO4(OH)6.H2O. After 5 years of exposure in atmospheric conditions, the hexavalent CCCs on zinc coatings had show the best corrosion resistance and the least corrosion products. The corrosion resistance of the samples decreased in the order: 747 > SP25 ~ TM 3108 > Zn.

This research examines the effects of nationality on attitudes of students to study science and mathematics. The main aim is to identify attitude variations of the students living in different geographical areas of the world with particular focus on students from developing and developed countries. It compares data from ‘Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies’ (TIMSS) 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, ‘Relevance of Science Education’ (ROSE) 2004, ‘Programme for International Students Assessment’ (PISA) 2003, 2006, ‘Science and Scientists’ (SAS) 2002. Findings make it clear that students are positive internationally but students in developing countries are more positive than the students in rich and developed countries in science, mathematics, biology and physics with chemistry as an exception. Overall East Asian students are lowest in their attitude scores in integrated science followed by Australia, North America and Western Europe while South East Asian and African Students are on other end followed by North Asia, and Middle East. It is also observed that the students’ interest in science subjects is increasing with the years. For mathematics again the students of East Asia are lowest in their average scores in all international studies followed by West Europe, Australia and East Europe. On the other end are the nations like Africa, South East Asia, and Middle East. It was suggested that instead of only measuring level and dimension of attitudes, large-scale projects must look for the factors behind the tremendous variance that exists among countries, as well as how and when these attitudes change.

The experiment was carried out in Kahramanmaras University Field Crops Department Experiment Area (37°35'38.2"N, 36°48'51.2"E) and Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used according to factorial arrangement with 3 replications. The application of mulch was done immediately after seeding and the treatment was completed after 7 months. As a result of wheat straw mulch application, the change in the levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) of the soil had a statistically insignificant effect on the grain yield. On the other hand straw mulch had a significant statistical effect on phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels in terms of grain yield. Depending on the increase in the mulch level, it was determined that the grain yield increased, the highest grain yield was obtained from 900 kg da-1 mulch application (700 kg da-1) and the lowest grain yield was obtained from the control application (510 kg da-1). Mulch application ensured the preservation of soil moisture; accordingly it had a positive effect on the yield by increasing the exchangeable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). According to correlation coefficient analysis positive and important relationships were found between grain yield and K (r=0.969), grain yield and P (r=0.986), K and P (r=0.983), Ca and Mg (r=0.968), Cu and Fe (r=0.980)

This article first examines the artistic aspects of Darius in the Bisotun relief. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the artistic aspects of Darius relief beyond the historical documentation to show the art that world is causing this important relief to the world. The method of this article is library documents, which means the necessary information is collected and then precisely will be analyzed. The result shows that the world's first read inscription, Bisotun inscription, is one of the world's most valuable inscriptions that can be seen in its straw Anobanini embossed effect which both of them have been affected by the Assyrian Naram Sin inscriptions. This inscription gives full information to the world, which makes it's worth a hundredfold.

Leadership is in fact a process of influencing followers. Characteristics of leadership are functions of time and situation and differ in different cultures and countries. Managers of international organizations should obtain enough knowledge of these cultural characteristics and differences and should have the utmost versatility while executing their leadership tasks. In this paper we have conducted a survey of the relation between cultures and styles of leadership in different countries. At first characteristics of leadership are discussed in work oriented leadership paradigm and management regimes, in a number of different regions, including China, Japan, U.S.A, Europe, and Arab countries. We also discuss about cross-cultural leadership concept and its challenges. At the end, a comparative analysis is made over the various leadership styles.

The torsion of the greater omentum is a rotation of all or part of the omentum on itself, which creates vascularization disorders; however, this diagnosis remains an infrequent situation in current practice, and because of the non-specificity of the clinical symptomatology, which depends on the site of the torsion and is confused with many other etiology, we report In this article we report a case of this 90-year-old patient, type 2 diabetic under ADO, who presented during five days the installation of epigastric pain and the CT scan takes all its interest in finding an image of rotation "whirl sign" and the diagnosis of torsion of the greater omentum is confirmed intraoperatively.

This book, Transitional Justice and After by Nzau Mumo, set out to examine Kenya’s transitional justice since the 2007/2008 post election violence. It provides an insight into whether resettlement was the best solution to the IDP problem in the Rift Valley and Kenya as a whole. In so doing, the book puts into perspective the peacebuilding processes undertaken in the Rift valley of Kenya as a result of Post Election Violence, the challenges faced and the contributions of IDPs resettlement programmes to peacebuilding in Kenya. A critical analysis of the book indicates that the author, to a greater extent, achieves the stated purpose of the book. This book is well researched and written in easy English to understand and therefore should be recommended for scholars at various levels in the field of Peace and Conflict Studies as a resource book. The author of this book, Dr. Mumo Nzau is a Fulbright scholar who holds MA and Ph.D degrees in Political Science from the State University of New York at Buffalo, USA. He is a senior lecturer in Political Science at the Catholic University of East Africa (CUEA) and Adjunct Faculty at the United States International University (USIU). The book is arranged thematically into resettlement and peacebuilding, retrogressive account of internal displacement phenomenon in Kenya, resettlement and peacebuilding in the rift valley region since 2008 and critical analysis of Kenya’s experience with IDP resettlement as a transitional justice mechanism. All these are elaborately discussed in an easy-to-understand language.