Archives-J 

The world population is composed of a large number of people heterogeneous in several dimensions such as age, gender, social class, educational level, political and economic status, abilities and disabilities, and so forth. The dimension of abilities and disabilities has led to formation of various groups of individuals including the group of blind people. Translation is one of the professions maintained by many blind individuals resulting in formation of such a sub-group as blind translators. Blind translators, like other translators, perform different translation-related tasks, one of which is ‘diagram translation’, the main focus of this paper. This essay investigates different aspects of diagram translation by blind people. Major ‘accommodations and assistive technologies’ used by blind individuals including screen-readers, speech synthesizers, OCR technology, and Braille devices are the primary points discussed. Basic computerized systems designed exclusively for the purpose of diagram translation by such individuals are the next points covered in this paper. A significant categorization of electronic accessibility devices (based on the media of representation through either haptic or audio) with major innovations in each category are other points mentioned here. The researcher indicates various strong and weak points of these applications and technologies and makes comparisons between them in order to suggest blind translators the best options in accordance with their aims and necessities.

Discourse analysis is a rapidly growing and evolving field. Current research in this field now flows from numerous academic disciplines that are very different from one another. Included, of course, are the disciplines in which models for understanding and methods for analyzing discourse first developed, such as linguistics, anthropology, and philosophy. But also included are disciplines that have applied – and thus often extended – such models and methods to problems within their own academic domains, such as communication, cognitive psychology, social psychology, and artificial intelligence. Given this disciplinary diversity, it is no surprise that the terms “discourse” and “discourse analysis” have different meanings to scholars in different fields. For many, particularly linguists, “discourse” has generally been defined as anything “beyond the sentence.” For others (for example Fasold 1990: 65), the study of discourse is the study of language use. These definitions have in common a focus on specific instances or spates of language. But critical theorists and those influenced by them can speak, for example, of “discourse of power” and “discourses of racism,” where the term “discourses” not only becomes a count noun, but further refers to a broad conglomeration of linguistic and nonlinguistic social practices and ideological assumptions that together construct power or racism. The main objective of this paper is first to give a brief historical account of several of the main lines of development of these different perspectives. Then we will look more closely at the presuppositions about the nature of discursive and communicative research which underlie these different approaches. Finally we will discuss some of the problematical areas which remain in the intersection of discourse analysis and intercultural communication.

We are very happy to announce that from 25th September 2013, Dr. Hamida Chishti has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Chemistry. Dr. Hamida Chishti is currently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India 190006. The appointment of Dr. Hamida Chishti as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 20th December 2013, Dr. Hayder Kraidi Rashid has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mechanical Engineering. Dr. Hayder Kraidi Rashid is currently working as Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Babylon University, Iraq. The appointment of Dr. Hayder Kraidi Rashid as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 9th June 2016, Dr. Hitesh J. Vekaria has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Pharmacy. Dr. Hitesh J. Vekaria working as Assistant Professor at Smt. R. B. Patel Mahila Pharmacy College, Atkot, District Rajkot. The appointment of Dr. Hitesh J. Vekaria as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 1st March 2016, Dr. Maia Mantskava has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Physiology. Dr. Maia Mantskava working as Chief research scientist, Head of hemorheological and microcirculation direction, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine. The appointment of Dr. Maia Mantskava as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 23rd July 2015, Dr. Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Management. Dr. Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand currently working as The Associate Professor, Department of Management, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. The appointment of Dr. Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 2nd June 2015, Dr.Fahim Hussain Turaihi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Psychology. Dr.Fahim Hussain Turaihi currently working as Associate Dean for Administrative Affairs, Iraq. The appointment of Dr.Fahim Hussain Turaihi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. 

We are very happy to announce that from 2nd April 2016, Dr.R.Rajkumar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science and Engineering. Dr.R.Rajkumar working as Associate Professor, School of Computing Sciences and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore – 632014, TamilNadu, India. The appointment of Dr.R.Rajkumar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 29th April 2015, Dr.S.Subramanian has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mathematics. Dr.S.Subramanian currently working as Assoc. Professor, Department of Mathematics, Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institutions, Tanjore, India. The appointment of Dr.S.Subramanian as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.