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The desire to economize time and mental effort in an arithmetical computations and to eliminate human liability to error is probably as old as the science of arithmetic itself. This desire led us to the design of a calculator software to estimate the dominant eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvectors of an n x n matrix up to the tenth order. The method used in designing the software includes developing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) application with MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) using the Rapid Application Development (RAD). RAD is a software development methodology that involves methods like iteration development and software prototyping. This RAD is used to refactor our codes and amend the design should there be complaints from the users. The application software was tested to estimate the largest eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of an n x n matrix using the power method with accuracy and reduced time.

We are very happy to announce that from 18th August 2012, Dr. Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Engineering. Dr. Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh is currently associated with Senior Lecturer in Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, West Azerbaijan, Iran. The appointment of Dr. Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 11th November 2013, Dr. Sardar Mohammadi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Physical Education and Sport Science. Dr. Sardar Mohammadi is currently working as Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. The appointment of Dr. Sardar Mohammadi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 20th August 2011, Dr.Ahmad Galadima has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Pure and Applied Chemistry. Dr.Ahmad Galadima is currently working at Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto-Nigeria. The appointment of Dr.Ahmad Galadima as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

A field experiment was carried out at Periyar EVR College, Tamil Nadu, India, in basic soil to study the nutrient availability and mulberry leaf quality. Three groups of mulberry plants of MR2 variety were bio-fertilized with Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and vermicompost respectively. Fourth group of mulberry plants were bio-fertilized with farm yard manure (FYM). The soil and leaves of four groups were analysed for their macronutrient and micronutrient content. The N, P and K content of vermicompost bio-fertilized soil was high 118.5 kg/ac, 4.26 kg/ac, and 178kg/ac respectively. The N, P and K content of vermicompost bio-fertilized mulberry leaves were high 0.89%, 0.54% and 3.48% respectively. The micronutrient like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium also were found to be very high in vermicompost bio-fertilized soil and vermicompost bio-fertilized mulberry leaves. The results revealed that the nutrient availability in soil and mulberry leaf quality increased gradually in the order FYM bio-fertilized soil and mulberry leaves, Azospirillum bio-fertilized soil and mulberry leaves, phosphobacteria biofertilized soil and mulberry leaves and vermicompost bio-fertilized soil and mulberry leaves. It was clear that vermicompost is the best bio-fertilizer for mulberry plants. Among the four bio-fertilizer treatments, soil nutrient content, leaf quality traits of mulberry variety(MR2)& reeling performances of silkworms(LxNB4D2) were found to be improved by vermicompost bio-fertilizer. Thus this technology can be recommended to sericulture farmers.

Pure Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and Lithium doped Nickel Oxide nanoparticles at two different concentrations 0.01M, 0.02M were synthesized through co-precipitation method. From XRD analysis it is observed that all the three samples exhibit FCC cubic structure and the incorporation of lithium decreases the crystallite size with increase in the Li doping concentration. Optical absorption spectra reveal that the energy gap increases from 3.8 eV to 3.98 eV with increasing lithium doping concentration. The Photoluminescence spectra show that the PL intensity increases with increase in lithium content. The SEM images clearly show an agglomeration of nanoparticles and snowflake-like morphology. Cyclic voltammetry characterization was carried out for all the three samples to study electrochemical activity. The magnetic property of the samples was studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).

This paper is intended the elastic scattering of an electron from the target by absorbing a photon from the laser field has been studied for the polarized potential. Since the solution of the Schro ?dinger equation of whole three-body system has not been found, we consider such intensities of electromagnetic field (Laser field) that the electron field coupling is the dominant process and the target is transparent to the field such that photon- target coupling can be ignored. Therefore the internal structure of target can be ignored and represented just as a scattering potential. For number of photon, l=-1 i.e, absorption of a photon (inverse Bremsstrahlung).The differential scattering cross section of an electron depends upon the fourth power of the wavelength (?^4) and the intensity of the Laser field. From this work we see that at certain values of laser parameters the differential scattering cross section of scattered electron decreases with increase in scattering angle and attains a minimum value of 0.1 barn and further increase in scattering angle also increases in differential scattering cross section and attains a maximum value of 0.3 barn.

To solve the problems in environmental monitoring arising from remote data acquisition, real-time transmission and analysis, this paper researched the principle of wireless communications SMS / GPRS and the technology of seamless integration with GIS. The system architecture was designed and key technical solutions were implemented. Based on the SMS / GPRS technology, the wireless real-time transmission of the remote monitoring data was achieved, and GIS visualization technology was carried out to visualize the monitoring data. Geographic affected areas were analyzed by GIS spatial analysis. The system is applicable to the environmental protection departments to realize applications such as monitor data acquisition, communication transmission, GIS management and analysis and decision-making.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant neurogenic disorder, which is occurring one in every 3000 of population. We present a 37-year-old man with complaint of hard speech and several masses in his tongue. Neurofibromatosis rarely occurs as intraosseous lesion in its primary form that in this case, it has appeared as unilacular and well-defined radiolucency in panoramic view. Cone beam Computed tomography (CBCT) was carried out for better evaluation of the extension of mandibular lesions. The aim of this article is to report a sporadic case of NF1 in a family, with multiple soft and hard tissue lesions, and eliminate the complications and functional impairments.

The tourism as a Scanner industry and incomet generation has an important role in many economic, social and cultural aspects. Today, many counties are based in economic structures from tourism development supporting, and develop their economies by reliance to it. The aim of this study is to assess tourism Socio-cultural and environmental effects of Tang Ganje recreational camps. Data were collected by interview and questions of the people then were analyzed using SWOT model. So development of tourism can have widespread effects on the indigenous people lives, and through the influence on all aspects of indigenous life, and develop their economic and socio-cultural condition. According to the findings of sample groups showed that tourism in all its dimensions has more positive effects and creating appropriate infrastructure for the organizations can help attract more tourists to the area. It also became clear that the development of this industry in the region could cause economic growth; reduce migration to urban areas and increasing the welfare of the indigenous people. Key words: Tourism, sustainable development, evaluation, village, Tang Ganjei, SWOT