Archives-J 

Performance of students in MCQ examination depends on the attention span of students. Students’ understanding on test item depends on their focus time. Small attention span means students will attempt fewer item of test tools as they will face problem is understanding them. It has been found that attention of students is best at the start of the MCQ test and minimum towards the last items of the test tool. It has been found that there are refocus peaks in regular interval, where students regains their focus during MCQ test. It has been also found that pattern of attention span and refocus time doesn’t depend on difficulty level of test tool.

The inability of the pupils to read and comprehend in English language effectively remains a challenge to learners of English as a second language particularly at primary school level. This calls for early intervention in teaching through use of instructional materials that enhance high levels of retention. The purpose of this paper therefore was to establish the extent to which the instructional materials are available for use in the teaching of English reading comprehension skills in public primary schools. The Research Design used was descriptive survey design. 8 public primary schools were selected through purposive sampling. A total 16 teachers participated in the study. Information was collected using questionnaires and classroom observation checklist. Findings reveal that English language course books were the main resources available in the classroom in most schools with 14 out of 16 teachers indicating that they were available and adequate. This study suggests that the government should increase Free Primary Education Funding allocations to allow schools purchase a variety of teaching resources other than course books.

Equations governing the flow of a fluid with variable viscosity through an isotropic porous structure are derived using the method of intrinsic volume averaging. Viscosity of the fluid is assumed to be a variable function of pressure, and the effects of the porous microstructure are modelled in terms of Darcy resistance, Brinkman shear term, and Forchheimer effects.

In this article, we proposed an SEIVR mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases among infants taking into consideration passive immunization, treatment of the exposed infants at latent period and the infectious diseases treatment. The basic reproductive number of the mathematical model was obtained using the next generation matrix method. It is generally known that if the number is less than one, the infectious disease will die out with time and if it is greater than one, the disease will spread and become endemic in the community. The epidemiological interpretation of this threshold parameter (basic reproductive number) is connected to the local and global stability of a disease – free equilibrium.

In the present study the level of S, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cr was estimated in samples of the common thalloid liverwort Riccia aravalliensis Pande et Udar, from Ranthambhore National park, Rajasthan (India). High metallic load was observed both in substrate as well as in plant tissue at locations adjacent to higher vehicular load, during winter the metallic content is highest, followed by summer and monsoon season. Elemental concentration in substrate for R. aravalliensis was in the order of Zn> S> Pb> Cu> Cd> Cr, while in plant tissue it showed S> Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd> Cr which is indicative of air borne trace elemental load. Quantitative analysis of these elements in vegetative thalli of R. aravalliensis and the substrate showed an increase in metallic content during winter, which reveals the significance of this liverwort as a biological sink of mineral elements present in the soil and air and may provide an important tool in estimation of both aerial pollution and mineral enrichment in soil.

At different stages of their development, we studied the bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium residues in fish species Tilapia guineensis, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Hemichromis fasciatus in Nokoué lake and Dicentrarchus labrax, Selene dorsalus and shrimp in Cotonou Channel. The methodology adopted was to identify the species and collect the muscles in these different species of fish and shrimp at different stages of their life's development. Fishery products in situ and water samples taken are sent to the laboratory in coolers maintained at 4 ± 5 ° C for the quantitative analysis of lead and cadmium residues by spectrophotometry. The results of the analysis show that lead residues are more accumulated in younger species than in adults in Sarotherodon melanotheron and Hemichromis fasciatus, unlike Tilapia guineensis. On the other hand, cadmium is weakly present in water and in aquatic fauna and some traces of cadmium residues are found in the Cotonou Channel, notably at the height of Dantokpa market. The water-based lead bioconcentration factors are significantly greater than the unit showing the predominance of particulate lead exposures of sedimentary origin. The lifestyle of the fish species would be the main factor explaining these results.

Mithi River is one of the polluted rivers in Mumbai. It is most vulnerable to pollution from discharge of sewage through municipal outlets as well as improper outlet channels connected through slums and further by industrial effluent discharges containing heavy metals. Isolation and narrowing down of copper resistant bacteria were carried out from samples collected from different locations on the river. It was screened for resistance at different concentrations of Copper, i.e. 50ppm, 100ppm, 500 ppm and 1000ppm. The resistant bacteria revealed that it belonged to the staphylococcus genus. Bioremediation studies were carried for a period of 120 hours in the medium. The decrease in metal was analysed at 24 hours and 120 hours. The approximate removal capacity of copper in the medium was observed to be 32% and 84% respectively.

In this age of technology, smartphones play a vital role in almost all fields of social life to make it easy going a convenience. Day by day, the users of smartphones are increasing. There is no conditional boundation for using the smart phone. People, who own these devices tend to use them at their maximum as these devices such as mobile phones, are very convenient to use anytime, anywhere. Single application can use multi-platform means convenient for everyone. This paper tries to convey information about the current and earlier news events for the frequent users of Hadas-Eritrea and Eritrean profile, the end-users can be able to interact with more graphical features of this multi-platform mobile application. In this paper, we have proved Broadcasting Mobile Multi-Platform Hadas – Eritrea and Eritrean profile (BHMMP) with different platforms such as Windows7 OS, Android, iOS, and Windows Phone using PhoneGap/Apache Cordova framework.

Network approach for policy-making emphasizes on dependence of government, organizations, groups and people who are in policy-making domain. This essay wants to explain the concept of networks and policy networks and analyzes the effect of chaos theory and its complexity and role in policy networks, too. The chaos theory learns us; organizations which are in border of order and chaos, are more successful. Organizations will be destroyed when they have a lot of order and don't have any flexibility. Organizations which are in the border of order and chaos can increase their flexibility by making changes in work's methods and using of different work's shapes and this flexibility lets them for compatibility with environmental changes. Finally, this essay will consider three kinds of future orientations in policy networks which consist of; rational choice, analysis of network and case study.

SLAP lesions remain a rare entity of the painful pathology of the shoulder under the labrobicipital complex, of difficult diagnosis given the atypical clinical symptomatology often vague with tests of different reliability although directing towards a strong positive presumption. The advent of imaging by injection of contrast product (arthro scanner and especially arthro MRI) has allowed a better understanding of this type of lesion but there are still variants of this complex which are radiologically limited between what is normal or pathological. Arthroscopy has allowed an unequalled precision of diagnosis with the possibility of adequate therapeutic management and very satisfactory results. Through this clinical case of a young patient with a chronically painful shoulder, we draw attention to this type of pathology, which is rare but not negligible.