Archives-J 

An ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes, which communicate over radio. These networks have an important advantage; they do not require any existing infrastructure or central administration. Therefore, mobile ad-hoc networks are suitable for temporary communication links. This flexibility, however, comes at a price: communication is difficult to organize due to frequent topology changes. Routing in such networks can be viewed as a distributed optimization problem. A new class of algorithms, inspired by swarm intelligence, is currently being developed that can potentially solve numerous problems of modern communications networks. These algorithms rely on the interaction of a multitude of simultaneously interacting agents. A survey of few such algorithms for ad hoc networks is presented here.

Background of the study: As in a global village and English has been widely used in medical terminology, medical records and in professional communication, it’s quite essential to have good English ability for those people standing in the front line of healthcare, in particular, the nurses. Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the level of anxiety related to English Anxiety among GNM students. Methodology: A descriptive research design was used for the present study. A total of 200 students were selected by using Complete Enumeration sampling technique. A modified tool on Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) was used to collect data. Results: The results of the present study revealed that most of the students reported moderate English Language Anxiety especially in writing English. Further, both boys and girls had shown moderate English Language Anxiety and the level of anxiety was found to be higher among girls than boys. The level of anxiety in five components (Speaking, Listening, Reading, Writing and Grammar) was same among all the students of 1st Year, level of English Language Anxiety in Listening component was higher among girls than boys studying in 2nd year, level of English Language anxiety in reading as well as grammar component was higher among girls than boys studying in 3rd year and level of English Language anxiety in Listening component was higher among girls and level of English Language Anxiety was higher in writing component among boys studying in GNM Internship. Conclusion: Teachers should have learning activities where these students are given more guidance on how to talk or write about themselves, their family, their interests and their culture. In addition, teachers should also try to create a non-threatening, relaxed learning environment in which students can take risks and make mistakes without fear or embarrassment. In addition, teachers must make a conscious effort to ensure that these students must have the opportunity to participate in class. Key words: Anxiety, English language, FLCAS, English language anxiety.

According to the United Nations, there were approximately 4.854 million international students registered around the world in 2016. While the mentioned figure was equal to 3.961 million in 2011 [1]. Educational migration is an increasing trend, which brings various benefits to the host countries. Georgia began attracting foreign youth representatives as soon as it started experiencing optimistic economic trends. The growing number of foreign students has had a noticeable, positive impact on the economy and thus, has become a subject of discussion in the society. The present article is dedicated to discussing general characteristics of Georgian immigration profile (such as statistics concerning immigrants) and observing details of students' migration to the mentioned state. Additionally, the work examines diverse recommendations that could increase the number of prospective international students in the country. Analyzing some aspects of the youth immigration to Georgia is a safe mean of acknowledging the realities of Georgian educational sector and finding prospects of further development. Due to the importance of the theme, the article discusses some of the relevant recent researches and statistical data that have been published by various international and local, Georgian institutions.

A dynamic graphical display and regression diagnostics is proposed for examining the validating assumption of the error term in a multiple regression modeling. Residual plots were used to detect the regression assumption of homocesdasticity tendency. Independence of the error term was diagnosed through Durbin Watson Test statistic or scatter plots of residuals against time order. Letter value displays were used to detect approximate normality through mid-summaries values. The error term validation were characterized with the residuals following an even distribution of scatter plots along a horizontal line through zero point, high (r2), minimal standard error of estimates for the predictors, the Cp statistic close to P+1 which means a small biased, the P value less than 0.05(level of significant), and lack of bivariate high correlations among the predictors

This work focuses on the management of biomedical waste at the University Hospital Center for Mother and Child - Lagune of Benin wich exhibits deficiencies in compliance with regulations. The study aims to comprehensively assess all stages of solid waste management, including collection, transportation, conditioning, storage, treatment, and final disposal. Weaknesses in waste management are evident, encompassing insufficient trash cans, garbage mixing, incinerator malfunctions, and a lack of training for most hygiene and purification personnel. Furthermore, the study conducted physical and chemical analyses on the wastewater discharged from both the laundry and the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) into the Cotonou lagoon. Field measurements were taken for physical parameters using a multiparameter measuring device. The suspended solids were determined through filtration, and nitrates and nitrites were quantified using the Nessler and Zambelli methods, respectively. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) was assessed using a BOD meter, while COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) was determined through oxidation with potassium dichromate. The analysis results for the laundry's wastewater revealed COD levels of approximately 146 mg/L, BOD5 at 62 mg/L, and suspended solids at 63.74 mg/L. These values, exceeding Benin's standards, raise concerns about the potential impact of discharging these waters into the Cotonou lagoon. It is imperative that these wastewater streams be directed to a treatment station before being released into the lagoon.

For some time now, researchers in pedagogy have been finding ways of improving language teaching and learning in schools in Africa. In Ghana, various governments have sought assistance/cooperation from professional as well as donor agencies, both national and international, to improve language teaching methodology in schools. Until then, language teaching in the basic schools had depended rather extensively on the ‘Segregated Method’. With the coming of these interventions, however, teachers are becoming more and more aware of the ‘Integrated Approach’ to teaching language. Even then, the focus has been on what is popularly referred to as ‘Language across the Curriculum’. This paper seeks to reinforce the fact that language is better learned as a whole, and that students of ESL learn better when the various language skills are integrated in a single lesson, and that there is no single ‘best method’ of teaching English.

The desire for political power leads people into politics. Many people come to power in order to influence the formulation and implementation of economic and political ideas which they believe will solve the problems bedeviling their nations. In providing political leadership, use of language is of utmost importance because it facilitates the execution of many political actions. This paper discusses political discourse by examining the inaugural addresses of Presidents J. F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon. Inaugurals usually point towards the policy directions of newly inaugurated leaders. The position of the United States of America as a very strong political and economic power makes the speeches of its president incontrovertibly significant. This paper aims at examining the rhetorical strategies of the two presidents whose ideologies are anything but identical.

It has been already noted and explored by many authors that the association /occurrence of the bacterial vaginosis ( BV) among majority of women at greater risk. Countless publications indicating the risk of bacterial vaginosis and the ascending infection to the female reproductive tract, which may create/affect the morbidity and mortality of fetus in case of pregnant women infected with bacterial vaginosis. In our study we made an attempt to screen the biofilm producing Klebsiella in the vaginal secretions of the pregnant women, sero positive for C.trachomatis IgM antibody, those who had symptomatic genital infection . Biofilm forming klebsiella was identified by both microscopic and klebsiella phenotyps on culture media. We could able to record a significant percentage of the biofilm producing Klebsiella within our study population. It was interesting to note that all these biofilm forming Klebsiella found in the vaginal secretions found as Multidrug Resistant (MDR) bacteria. From this we conclude that the occurrence of biofilm forming, multidrug resistant bacteria among the pregnant women is possible, that too, while it emerge as co-infection along with C.trachomatis infection, that need special attention of the public and health care professionals. It is suggested that the need of screening these culprits during pregnancy to eradicate it in view of preventing ascending infection which may involve with the adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Kenya has put in place legislations to safeguard the safety and health of workers, but still the number of accidents at workplaces has continued to increase. According to the Directorate of Occupational safety and health Services (DOSHS) Annual Report, the Coast region was leading with the number of fatal accidents at 42 and non-fatal accidents at 842 for the year 2004. The DOHS Annual Report (2010) reported an increase to 1742 accidents, where 34 were fatal and 1713 were non-fatal in the coast region. Literature from various parts of the world has identified numerous causes of accident. Human error plays a big role in accident causation, behavioral factors such as improper attitude, lack of knowledge, lack of skills and inadequate physical and mental condition. Carelessness and reckless behavior, inattention or fatigue, inadequate or unsafe equipment and lack of adequate training increase the probability that an accident will occur. However, not much has been documented in Kenya, particularly in food laboratories. The paper therefore presents the causes and frequency of accidents in food laboratories within Mombasa County .The target population was 200 food laboratory workers from all the thirteen food laboratories in Mombasa county out of which 50% was the sample representative. Simple random sampling was used to identify those to be issued with questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the SPSS computer software and results were presented in tables as percentages and frequencies.Results indicated that slips and falls are the main cause of accidents as was stated by 43% of respondents. The results also showed a strong inverse correlation between the work experience and accident occurrence. A regression identified on three factors that are main cause of accidents: Drug use, Poor working environment and lack of adequate training.

This study explored implications of self-publishing activities to the process of acquisition in Nigerian university libraries. Survey method was employed using questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. A random sampling technique was adopted; seven respondents (Collection Development Librarians) were drawn from each of the six geo-political zones of the federation. The collected data was analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics which involved tables and simple percentages. The study showed that absence of multi-dimensional approach to marketing and promotion, poor editorial and operational errors and informal payment process accounted for low patronage of self-published materials by Nigerian university libraries. Therefore, there is need for further training in self-publishing for Author-Publishers, while CDLs should create the needed synergy by engaging the faculty and forming a consortium for acquisition of self-published books