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Along with the expansion of the municipal structure of the Chairman is elected directly by the local population is of particular importance. At an early stage in order to eliminate the overlap in local governance and territorial representatives of local authorities should be canceled. Experience has shown that the structure of the executive offices of the territorial local authorities so there is no need. In addition to expanding the powers of the municipal authorities to cancel it as soon as possible, to eliminate the overlap in local governancewill have a significant impact. Despite the use of different models of the world (especially in the developed countries) practice municipal associations goal is the same - all members agreed position regarding the formation of local authorities, within the country and abroad to represent the interests of municipalities is one of the main targets of the national assosasiations. Units of local self-government for the first time at the beginning of 70s of the last century Central European countries began to take shape. At a later stage - in the early 90s, similar structures independent Eastern European, Baltic and CIS countries were established.

The spectroscopic characteristics (IR) and the thermal properties (TGA, DTG and DTA) of the solid complexes obtained by the reaction of 2-hydroxyphenylhydrazoacetoacetanilide (2-HPHAAA) with Uranyl(II), and Thorium (IV) are reported and discussed.

Cyclotriphosphazenes are prominent inorganic N-heterocycles.They consist of six-membered ring structures of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms. The tetravalent phosphorus atoms carry two exocyclic substituents, which can be widely varied enabling fine-tuning of the size and shape of the molecular periphery. This study involved the synthesis and characterization of hexa (diethanolamino) cyclotriphosphazene by an enveremently and friendly system catalyst consist of clay layered called Maghnite-H+ (Algerian MMT) and diethyl ether. The effect of different synthesis parameters such as amount of catalyst, effect of time, temperature and solvent are discussed.

The interaction between a luminescent metal-ligand probe, [Ru(dpp)3]2+ (dpp = 4,7- diphenyl-1,10- phenanthroline disulphonic acid) with bovine serum albumin(BSA) was investigated by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of BSA was quenched by the ruthenium (??) complexes and the quenching mechanism was considered as static by forming a complex. The association constant Kb and the number of binding sites, n were calculated using the modified Stern Volmer equation. The fluorescence of the metal complex is highly enhanced by the addition of BSA. In addition, the results of synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that binding of the metal probe with the BSA induce conformational changes in BSA. The fluorescent enhancement of the system is found to be originated from the hydrophobic microenvironment provided by BSA.

The Synthesis and functionalization of Zeolite A from Nigerian Ahoko Kaolin for adsorption studies of Methylene blue (MB) was studied in this paper. Zeolite A was successfully synthesised from metakaolin earlier developed from refined kaolin using conventional hydrothermal method. The synthesised zeolite A was thereafter functionalized using Hexamethyltetraamine (HMTA) and characterized. The effect of initial concentration, adsorbate dosage, pH, temperature and contact time were studied in a batch adsorption system for both unfunctionalized zeolite (UFZA) and functionalized zeolite A (FZA) under the following condition of initial concentration of 100 mg/l, temperature of 303 K, and pH of 7. The adsorption rate increases with increase pH, temperature, initial concentration but decrease with adsorbent dosage for both UFZA and FZA. Langmuir, Feundlich and temkim isothermal were also investigated and was found out that Langmuir isotherm is the most suitable. The pseudo–first order and pseudo-second order kinetic equation were evaluated and adsorption of MB onto UFZA and FZA followed the later. The thermodynamic studies indicate that adsorption of MB onto UFZA and FZA are spontaneous and endothermic reaction.

Studying feelings and emotions that people develop towards places is getting increased attention, while the concept of place attachment lies at the heart of these studies. This concept is sited within the realm of environmental meaning and association. Place attachment usually is described as a connection that occurs between people and their meaningful settings. This paper will review and analyze the existing seminal literature in place attachment as one of the prevailing concepts among place-based researches. Considering dimensions of place attachment has always been beneficial for investigating the factors that influence people-place relationships. Therefore, in this paper first the concept of place attachment and its characteristics will be examined afterward the psychological dimensions of place attachment will be reviewed and finally methods to measure Place attachment will be described.

The effects of distributed generation in the Nigerian North East zone is discussed in this paper. DG capacity installation in the power system was modelled using NEPLAN software. Network loss reduction, reduction in transmission line losses and congestion as well as voltage profile improvement for the nodes of the network were some of the observed advantages in the results.

This research examines the influence of motivation towards academic achievement among gifted students in Saudi Arabia. The discussion in the study is base on the theoretical framework of the emotional intelligence Theory Goleman’s (1995), the Mayer and Salovey Model (1995) and achievement motivation Theory. These theories are appropriate for the study because they allow the reader to understand how academic achievement is significantly influenced by motivation among gifted students in Saudi Arabia.

The purposes of this research were to study the influence of social media on customer’s perception, case study PTT Public Company Limited (PTT) in order to measure the performance and propose the development approach. The sample were 400 customers living in major provinces around Thailand, aged over 18 years old and used social media in daily basis. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were conducted. For quantitative method, data was collected by simple random sampling through questionnaires. Frequency, percentage and chi-square test were applied as statistical analysis tools. Statistical significance levels were set at .01 and .05. For Qualitative method, both in-depth interview and content analysis of online news about PTT were conducted by descriptive method. The study indicated that PTT's social media had the potential to provide relatively positive information at a moderately high level. This was good for the image and business. (products and services) of PTT both In terms of public relations and clarification. As for the suggestions for improvement included: 1. It was new media that did not cover all users. Therefore, it should be used in conjunction with traditional media. 2. It should be organized collected and integrated to be convenient to use. 3. There should be strategies to present it in a timely manner and be able to create a sense of togetherness. And 4. There should be a good content creation process to increase the positive impact and reduce the negative impact in order to enhance the customers to get good value from PTT.

The purpose of this study was to see whether any significant relationship exists among EFL learners’ self-esteem, autonomy, and reading comprehension; and whether there is any significant difference between EFL learners’ self-esteem and autonomy in predicting their reading comprehension skill. For this purpose, 121 EFL participants who were studying English Language Literature and Translation at Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, were randomly selected. The researcher tested different ranges of students with different levels of proficiency. The Coopersmith self-esteem inventory, autonomy questionnaire and reading comprehension section of Preliminary English Test (PET) were administered. Correlation and regression analysis demonstrated that there is a significant relationship among EFL learners’ self-esteem, autonomy, and reading comprehension. There is also a significant difference between EFL learners’ self-esteem and autonomy in predicting their reading comprehension.