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In this work, the zinc oxide (ZnO) and dioxide titanium (TiO?) thin film were prepared by using the method of spry pyrolsis chemical with different thickness on glass substrate at temperature of 60º C. Thees different thickness of the deposited films were measured by using mass approximations weighting different method. The thickness for Tio? films are (3.1, 0.24, 0.12)?m and for ZnO films (3.5, 4)?m. The samples coated have been irradiated by gamma ray to 21.5 kGy dose from Co-60 source. The optical properties such as the absorbance spectrum, transmittance, reflectance, and optical constant (absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refraction index and coefficient finesse with different thickness as function wave length of films but energy gap and urbach energy as function photon energy) were studied before and after irradiation dose. From experimental work show that the color of these films were changed after irradiated, at the result all optical properties spectra thin films changed with different thicknesses. The absorption, reflectance absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, coefficient finesse are increases after irradiation but the transmission, urbach energy and energy gap decreases after dose for all thicness of TiO2 films. Whereas absorption and absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient increases after irradiation for thiknsss of ZnO thin films but reflectance, transmission, refractive index, coefficient finesse urbach energy and energy gap decreases after dose for Zno. These effect of optical properties may be due to change of structure properties for Tio2, Zno thin films after irradiated.

Field experiments were conducted during kharif seasons of 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen management nutrient uptake, quality, economics and soil fertility of pearlmillet under rainfed conditions. Applications of 50% RDN through FYM + 50% through urea, 80% RDN through vermicompost + 20% through urea and 25% RDN through FYM + 75% through urea were found the most superior and equally effective treatments in terms of total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, protein content in grain, grain yield, net returns and B:C ratio. Significantly, higher total uptake of nitrogen (66.73 kg/ha), phosphorus (14.48 kg/ha) and potassium (97.16 kg/ha), protein content in grain (11.83%), grain yield (2.22 t/ha) net returns ( 11169/ha) and B:C ratio (1.95) were recorded where 50% RDN through FYM + 50% through urea was applied. Whereas, application of 100% RDN through FYM was proved most superior treatment for improvement in post experiment soil fertility by increased soil organic carbon, N, P and K content

This study presents an experimental investigation on self-compacting concrete with two mineral admixtures such as silica fume and fly ash. With low water-binder ratio, we had achieved higher grade of self-compacting concrete. The water-binder ratio was maintained to 0.36 for all the SCC mixes. This research includes the following studies: (i) Develop a suitable design mix for SCC that would satisfies all the acceptance criteria of EFNARC (ii) A study has been made for the rheology properties of SCC.The main requirements of fresh properties of SCC are filling ability, passing ability, and high segregation resistance, which can be investigated by slump flow, T50 slump flow, J ring, V-funnel, L box test. (iii) concrete samples were casted and tested for its compressive strength and Young’s modulus. The results show that SCC with 10% of SF gives higher values of compressive strength than those with 15% of FA.

This study focuses on some environmental effect of gas flaring on both soil pH and pH value of rain water in River State, Nigeria. Samples at different proximities from the gas flare locations were recorded. Measurements and experimentations were carried out. Parameters studied at each location included Rain-water pH and soil pH measurement. Result shows a trend as all the parameters considered showed a clear difference away from the flare point in all the stations such as the pH changing from Extreme acid (3.6 - 4.5) to Moderately alkaline (7.9 - 8.5) away from the flare points. The values of all parameters under investigation were above acceptable limit. These show clearly that the inhabitants of these communities are highly polluted. This research recommends that gas flaring should be stopped and that the flared gas should be channeled to meeting the ever increasing demand for energy in the Nigerian sector economy and Nigeria should embrace environmental laws and policies in order to adapt to the changing environment.

This study focuses on, how much an appraisal system is effective in an organization and what would be its impact on employees’ performance. This paper focuses on different aspects of an appraisal system. Today organizati1ons are using different methods or combination of those methods. Rewards and incentives are also given on the basis of employees’ performance. Now the study examines what the effect of appraisal system on employees’ performance is. Whether it increases their performance, decreases their motivation or it has neutral effect. This paper concludes that in some organizations most of the employees feel that appraisal system in their organizations/universities is satisfactory. Many employees also want to have a right to appeal against the appraisal system. Most of the employees agreed that this system is not just wastage of time and money. Employees in particular universities want to be appraised by committee rather than boss. Many employees also agreed that if the appraisal system in their organization seems to be excellent one, they will feel motivated. They also agreed that their organizations are applying non discriminatory practices regarding males and females. This paper concludes that employees in particular universities are satisfied with the appraisal system and its practices and no gender discrimination is being adopted. To make appraisal system more effective, Using only one type of appraisal system, objective criteria, ethical aspects, fairness, following the one’s own cultural practices, privacy in appraisal process and level of trust between the employee and supervisor and behavior oriented criteria are further suggested.

Aging is a natural and continuous irreversible changing process. In this generalized progressive impairment of function occurs which result in loss of adaptive response to stress. Elders aged 85 and older are more vulnerable to stress and depression than other age groups. Laughter yoga is indeed the best medicine to be prescribed for the seniors to keep them in good cheer. Pre Experimental study design was used for this study. By using convenience sampling method 50 elderly clients for an old age home in Panipat was selected for the study. The data was collected by using Perceived Stress Scale (Sheldon Cohen, 1983). Data analysis was done by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. During Pre – Test Majority of the Samples 36 (72.00%) were having low level stress. Samples with Medium Stress were 14 (28.00%) None of the sample was with high stress. In Post – Test Samples with Low stress was 43 (86.00%). Samples with Medium Stress were 6 (12.00%). Only one sample was relatively free of stress. None of the sample has High Stress. Laughter yoga therapy was effective in relieving stress,‘t’ test value was 2.962 and the “P” Value was 0.0047. None of the demographic variables was associated with stress. Laughter Yoga therapy helps in reducing stress in elderly clients and generate positive attitude and doing this together in a group also helps to boost self – esteem and overcome feelings of insecurity.

Cost management should be regarded as a process requiring the integration of separate discipline and involvement of the internal and external experts. Effective cost management requires the implementation of methodologies and steps that are repeatable and can be integrated with organization goals. For MSMEs to compete effectively in the global market, the cost of a product should be reduced by increasing productivity, by reducing manufacturing costs at the shop floor. The need is to see the cost management practices employed and the efficacies of such practices, which will enhance the opportunity to improve the decision-making process of the MSMEs. This paper studies the significant differences among efficacies of existing cost management practices used by the enterprises and establishes a functional relationship among cost management practices, efficacy, and action to achieve business objectives. In the process, Statistical tools like ANOVA, Regression Analysis, Inter-correlation matric, Path – Coefficient Analysis were used.

Employer branding is a long term strategy to manage perception and awareness of employees, potential employees and related stakeholders in regards of a particular organization. Employee brand is an organizational image which is in the mind of the current employees as a ‘great place to work’. Now the Employer Brand is a brand management in HR perspective to attain, attract, engage and retain employees of the firm. Employer brand is a strategy which helps to retain the employees and try to minimize the employee attrition in the organization.

Corporate Social responsibility is not a new idea, the importance and needs for this ethical and social obligation is tremendously rising with its full swing. There are a number of its implications which are paying more to the institutions as well as to the communities. There is a debate that it is the core duty of firms and industrial institutions to pay their respective return to the common public and the society as a whole where they are operating. The objective of the study is threefold: i) to determine the root causes and basic needs of corporate social responsibilities; ii) to determine the effects on social and other civilizations beard without its existences, and iii) to examines the inputs and efforts which are being offered in the past. The equilibrium of demand and supply of different determinants of corporate social responsibility is discussed. Investment & expansion of Tangible/Intangible Assets, Factory Plant, Equipment, Building, Process of Manufacturing, Inventories and wastages, are also included. The main research questions is whether the contribution of industrial development having showed some positive impacts on the society? The results are not in the favour of the social society, and we have to see why firms are enhancing their activities, and who is obtaining undue benefit from these unethical business activities. This study elaborates the serious social aspects, where all participants are showing their agreement and willingness. At the end, some conclusions are provided for further development providing a spark of ideas for further studies and investigations.

One of the most common problems in digital image restoration is motion blur caused by an image captured from a moving platform especially at low light condition having long exposure time of camera. Removing of blur is always challenging for image processing field because one has to estimate the motion blur which can spatially differ over image. Motion blur is simply an undesired effect. Restoration of blur image is very important in many of the cases like identification of number plates of moving vehicle and identification moving human beings. In restoration of motion blur the knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) is key factor. This paper presents the algorithm to estimate PSF parameters like motion blur angle and the motion blur length. Once PSF parameters are estimated then restoration of the blurred image can be achieved. Furthermore paper discusses the comparative study of different restoration techniques. The experimental result shows estimated blur angle and blur length are very close to theoretical value and the blur images with natural and artificial noise are successfully restored. The wavelet based fused image shows the best results.