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Cognitive Radio (CR) is an imaginative innovation that goes for huge upgrades in productivity of range utilization. CR will change the way the radio range is managed, additionally requires new empowering technique s, for example, enhanced range detecting and element range task. Cognitive radio (CR) systems are shrewd systems that can naturally sense the earth and adjust the correspondence parameters in like manner. These sort of systems have applications in element range get to, conjunction of different remote systems, obstruction administration. They are touted to drive the up and coming era of gadgets and applications. Noticeably, the subjective radio system worldview postures numerous new specialized difficulties in convention outlines, control effectiveness, range administration, range recognition, environment awareness, new circulated calculation point, conveyed range estimations, Quality of administrations certifications, and security. Conquering these issues turns out to be considerably all the more difficult because of non-uniform range and other radio asset designation plans, monetary contemplations, the inborn transmission debilitations of remote connections, and client portability. Psychological radio is a rising innovation that empowers the adaptable improvement and arrangement of profoundly versatile radios that are based upon programming characterized radio innovation. Psychological radio has been considered as a key innovation for future remote interchanges and portable figuring. We see that the subjective radios can shape Cognitive radio systems (CRN) by extending the radio connection elements to network layer capacities or more.

In the present paper we have formulated the renal blood flow along the capillaries in case of renal disease Diabetes . keeping in the view the nature of renal circulatory system in human body. P.N.Pandey and V.Upadhyay have considered the blood flow has two phased one of which is that of red blood cells and other is plasma. According to Fahreaus-Lindqvist effect the blood flow in two separated layers while passing through capillaries. The plasma layer which flows along the surface of the capillaries contains almost no blood cells. The second layer the core layer containing blood cells which flows in plasma along the axis of capillary. We have collected a clinical data in case of Diabetes for hematocrit v/s blood pressure. The graphical presentation for particular parametric value is much closed to the clinical observation. The overall presentation is in tensorial form and solution technique adapted is analytical as well as numerical. The role of hematocrit is explicit in the determination of blood pressure drop in case of renal disease Diabetes

If you want to create an architectural system as beautiful as the natural system, you need to try to make it so it contains new information at any second like the flow of a river and never become linear and repetitive. It’s necessary that in this system, there always be the chance of news and this is not possible except with the synergy of information of all the factors affecting the system. Anything the architect, as the creator, does in the process of creating the work at every second is creating information. These information should be managed deliberately in line with the goals of the system and comply with all the qualities of chaotic systems. This principle is a general principle applicable before all other principles.

The main aim of this project is to design an embedded system for implementing an efficient alcohol and face detection system that will be useful to avoid accidents. Drunk driving face detection with car ignition locking and drowsy driving alert by using raspberrypi aims to change that with automated, transparent , noninvasive alcohol safety check in vehicles. Raspberry pi with dc motor to demonstrate as vehicle engine. If driver is drunk, the processor instantly stops the system ignition by stopping the motor. If alcohol sensor is not giving high alcohol intensity signals, the system lets engine run normally.in additional of this project, automatic turning indication by using gps location tracking and predefined path.

In steganography, a message is hidden in such a way that no one apart from the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message. It is concerned with concealing the fact that a secret message is being sent, as well as concealing the contents of the message. In reversible Steganography, information is disguised within a digital image in such a way that the cover image can be taken to its original state after extracting the hidden information. Visual cryptography is a technique of secret sharing in which images are distributed as shares in such a way that, when these shares are superimposed, a message hidden secretly in the image is revealed. In this study, the concepts of steganography as well as visual cryptography are combined to have benefits of both techniques which will provide improved security for the confidential information being exchanged.

Cost of capital is considered as an essential factor in making decisions on investment ,capital budgeting, managing of working capital, establishment of optimal financial structure, helping with performance measurement and determination of the firm value through helping in discounting cash flows.the present research aims at Survey of relationship between systematic risk, earnings per share(EPS) and dividend per share(DPS) as a in depended variables and cost of capital as a depended variable in accepted companies in securities exchange of Tehran in period of 2005-2010. Total of accepted companies in the securities exchange of Tehran have been seen as a statistic society. In order to conducting this research, 114 companies, random and with stipulate dimities, selected as research samples. In this research for estimation cost of equity capital we were used of Gordon growth model. It also for examination hypotheses of research we were used of partial correlation coefficient, step wise regression’s and curve estimation regression test. The results indicate there were not significant relationship between systematic risk, earning per share and dividend per share with cost of capital in total time’s dominion of the study. the yearly results show, there were significant relationship between systematic risk and cost of capital in 2007 from nonlinear aspect, between earning per share and cost of capital in 2007&2009 from linear aspect and in 2005,2006&2010,from nonlinear aspect and between dividend per share and cost of capital in 2007,2008&2009 from linear and nonlinear aspects.

Motor cycle accidents have been increased in the last two decades. Helmet can protect the vehicle riders from severe injuries during road accident to certain extent. To design a functional helmet, it is important to analyze the shape of the helmet and visor portion. So that the attempt has been made for design and analysis of new helmet by considering the drag pressure and anti-glare visor. The drag pressure resistance presses the helmet against the neck portion of the rider. The shape of an aerodynamic helmet can be able to reduce the drag pressure. The spherical shape and a new aerodynamic shape helmets are designed with aid of Pro-E software and the drag pressure are calculated and comparison has been made on the basis of drag pressure.

Organisations need to be prepared for the impact of downsizing, because of the effect of layoffs on the remaining employees. Because employee morale is so susceptible to restructuring, this is an important time to improve employee engagement levels and prevent further loss of the workforce. This research study seeks to highlight the importance of communication, trust, and support, during downsizing. The research method used a qualitative approach, which enabled the researcher to conduct face-to-face interviews with ten participants. The findings affirm the prevailing literature regarding the importance of appreciation, communication, fair compensation, training and development, and trust, as factors influencing employee engagement levels. The results revealed that insufficient communication was the primary cause of low employee morale during the downsizing process. Respondents also cited distrust of management and uncertainty of the company’s future as leading concerns brought about by the retrenchments. Management was recommended to increase managerial support, improve communication and transparency, and show more consideration towards staff as a means of rebuilding the trust that was lost during restructuring. Due to the sensitive nature of a retrenchment process and its impact on the remaining employees, great care should be taken when embarking on any restructuring in the future.

Analytical solutions are obtained for a one-dimensional advection–diffusion equation with variable coefficients in a semi-infinite longitudinal domain. Three cases are considered. In the first one the solute dispersion is time dependent along a uniform flow and in the second case the dispersion and the velocity both are considered spatially dependent expressions, while in third case, dispersion and the velocity both have time and spatially dependent expressions in degenerate forms. In first and third cases the solutions may be used for different time dependent expressions. It has become possible by introducing new independent variables with the help of certain transformations.

Cardiac involvement is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including cardiac arrhythmias that increase the risk of sudden death. The purpose of our work is to study the prevalence of heart complications in this population and to propose better cardiac and nephrological management.A total of 92 patients with CKD participated in the study, in the Department of Renal Dialysis and Renal Transplantation the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital in Rabat, the mean age of the patients was 50 years ± 16.55 with extremes ranging from 34 to 76 years, sex ratio was 1.1(H / F). Causal nephropathy is indeterminate in 48% of cases, 58% of our patients are hypertensive; 64% had cardiac arrhythmias; the electrical abnormalities were respectively: left ventricular hypertrophy in 41,4% of cases, left atrial hypertrophy in 9,2 % of cases, atrial fibrillation in 5,5 % of cases and repolarization disorders respectivelyin 12 % of cases.