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More than 75 percent of Iran is located in arid and semi-arid and faces many hydrological constraints that often are attributed to the lack of rainfall and rainfall distribution. This issue is locating suitable areas for rain water harvestingin Birj and plain however it ismore importance in poor farming communities that are dependent on rain-fed cultivation. To determine the areas those are prone to runoff collection used from a Decision Support System (DSS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)to identify a logical process in relation to harvesting the rainfall and Within this system utilization from Model Builder in Arc GIS 9.3 software. The process defined in this paper uses from runoff capacity for decision and some information such as runoff potential map, distances from residential areas map, irrigated cultivation map and rain-fed cultivation map is inputting in the system. With combination of these maps makes the rain water harvesting prone areas map. The result shows that more than 40 present is in medium class and 32 present is in good class.

Mucoid cysts tibiofibular joint top (TFS) is a rare cause of nerve compression at the knee. We report the observation of a soldier of 46 years, who presented with painful swelling sitting at the top of the anterolateral aspect of the left leg third with peroneal neuralgia, lasting for four months. Clinical examination revealed an oval mass, deep, sensitive, poorly demarcated sitting on top of the anterolateral compartment of the right leg third. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee revealed an intramuscular myxoid cyst Depond joint superior tibiofibular. Electromyogram (EMG) was in favor of an invasion of the superficial peroneal nerve. A biopsy excision of the lesion was performed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a mucoid cyst. The evolution is marked by the complete disappearance of pain, recovery of normal sensitivity and lack of recurrence after a year of decline.

This paper discusses the effectiveness of strategies used by rural municipalities in recovering service consumer debts. The choice of Thulamela municipality was informed by increases in municipal service consumer debts as a result of inadequate collection of rates and taxes. Unemployment, lack of enforcement of debt and credit policy issues was among the challenges for the municipality. A municipal service consumer debt recovery survey approach was used to unpack the challenges. The municipality uses an ad hoc debt recovery process instead of a holistic approach. The study outlines lessons to be learnt from the Thulamela experience for decision makers at local municipal level.

Ions concentration of seventeen wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in NaCl salinity (16 dS m-1 and two weeks exposure) was assessed to evaluate the ability of these traits in salt screening. There was an increase in Na+ concentration and decrease in K+ concentration in salinity stress compared to control condition in shoot parts. Even thought, there was a clear relation between salt tolerance or salt sensitivity and Na+ concentration in shoot plant. It seems that the increase in concentration of Na+ concentration can be criteria to distinct salt tolerance in the shoot of early wheat plant. Therefore Na exclusion measurement can be applied with other trait such as yield and yield components to screen wheat cultivars in salinity condition.

The reaction between 5-(4-phenyl carbonyl methyl amino) 8-hydroxyquinoline(PHQ) and melic anhydride afforded heteronuclear bisligand namely 4-(4-(2-(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-ylamino)acetyl)phenylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid(CMHQ). The bisligand was designated as CMHQ and its co-ordination polymers with Cu+2, Zn+2, Co+2, Mn+2and Ni+2 metal ions were prepared. The co-ordination polymers and parent ligand were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR spectral studies, thermogravimetry, number-average molecular weights ( ), diffuse reflectance spectral studies and magnetic susceptibilities. All co-ordination polymers and parent ligand were also monitored for microbicidal activity.

Double-diffusive natural convection in a square cavity is numerically analyzed using velocity-vorticity form of Navier-Stokes equations. The governing equations consist of vorticity transport equation, velocity Poisson equations, energy and solutal concentration equations. Galerkin’s weighted residual finite element method is employed to solve the coupled governing equations through isoparametric formulation. Numerical predictions of vorticity, velocities, temperature and solutal concentration are computed using an iterative algorithm in order to resolve the coupling between the governing equations. The capability of the velocity-vorticity formulation is demonstrated by a detailed study on the variation of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for a wide range of the characteristic parameters.  Our simulation results show that at high Lewis number, the average Nusselt number decreases and the average Sherwood number increases with increase in buoyancy ratio. 

The numerical studies are performed to examine the Micropolar fluid flow past an infinite vertical plate. Finite difference technique is used as a tool for the numerical approach. The micropolar fluid behaviour on two- dimensional unsteady flow have been considered and its nonsimilar solution have been obtained. Nonsimilar equations of the corresponding momentum, angular momentum and continuity equations are derived by employing the usual transformation. The dimensionless nonsimilar equations for momentum, angular momentum and continuity equations are solved numerically by finite difference technique. The effects on the velocity, micro rotation and the spin gradient viscosity of the various important parameters entering into the problem separately are discussed with the help of graphs.

Consumers are deeply concerned about how their health care is managed, administered and priced. They are frustrated with the expensive, high-tech disease treatment approach predominantly in modern medicine. Positioned at the interface between food and drugs, a growing body of products is assuming importance; the consumer is now looking for complementary or alternative beneficial products and that’s why nowadays they are using nutraceuticals. Increasingly, they are using natural dietary supplements and other forms of nutraceuticals as part of a tremendous surge to have physiological benefits or to provide protection against diseases. Functional foods and nutraceutical products represent a value added growth opportunity both domestically and internationally. Development of better characterized and research proven products will help enhance consumer confidence in nutraceutical and functional food products in the world. This article briefly discusses about the basic information about the nutraceuticals and its importance.

The challenge to feed the increasing world’s population with nutritionally balanced food is enormous hence determining the nutritional value of food is highly valuable in order to ensure the status of food. In our study, we determined the carbohydrate, protein, lipid, ash, fibre, energy and moisture content of Colocynthis citrullus and Sesanum indicum consumed in Nigeria, particularly in Nasarawa State. The Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu contents of the two samples were also determined. High contents of carbohydrate, proteins and fat of 11.89, 27.67, and 52.48%; and 12.58, 24.92 and 49.44% were found in Colocynthis citrullus and Sesanum indicum respectively. The mineral contents of the two seeds showed a relatively high content of some of the minerals.

In this study, a comparison of performance among four different methods (Probability Weighted Moments (PWM), Maximum Likelihood Methods (MLM), the Methods of Moments (MOM), and the least Square Method (LSM)) of estimating the parameters of the Weibull distribution was done, using different values of ? and ?. This study contains two different experiments; experiment I and experiment II. Values of ? > ?, ? < ?, ? = ? were used in experiment I, and another varied values of ? < ?, ? < ?, ? = ? in line with some modeled distribution of the Weibull distribution, were used in experiment II. These values were generated by simulation. The aim is to find the best methods of estimating the two-parameter Weibull distribution. Based on the sample sizes and parameters considered, the method which gave the best estimate for the two-parameter Weibull distribution, is the method of Moments (MOM), taking into consideration the total deviation as a measurement for comparison. This study will help to estimate parameters associated with various models of a component or system such as reliability problems, maintainability and predictions such as MTTF, MTTFF, MTTR, MTBF, Hazard Rate etc.