Archives-December 

Food security is a major global concern since food is the most basic human need and access to food is a fundamental human right. The right to food is contained in the universal declaration of human rights that was adopted in 1948 by the general assembly and reaffirmed by the World Food Summit and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN in 1996. To show their solidarity over poverty and hunger issues, nations under the umbrella of the United Nation (UN) targets to halve by the year 2015 the proportion of people who are hungry. Tackling food insecurity problem on a global level poses critical dynamic challenges. Every country has its own individual dimensions adding to the overall food crisis in farming areas. Due to unprecedented subsidies given to farmers in terms of seeds and fertilizers, they are easily enticed to use larger portion of their land for cultivation of food. Consequently, farmers have to either spend more on buying food or reduce their food consumption, which subject their families to malnourishment and starvation. In other words, low level of investment practiced by poor small scale farmers do not attract economies of scales but makes them remain in constant debts and this incapacitates households’ ability to afford adequate food. Farmers being trapped in a debt cycle provide them no option but to keep cultivating this crop irrespective of the long-term, veiled hazardous consequences and questionable economic gains. The power of technological solutions to solve poverty problems currently witnessed in Kenya is installed by the myriad of institutional and supply policies. Moreover, with a better policy environment, investment in rural infrastructure and transport network can bring down input costs considerably by reducing one of the major supply constraints to adoption. Considerable adaptive research, stronger and decentralized research-extension farmer linkage is required to increase the speed with which farmers apply the viable technologies. The best judges of agricultural technology are the end users-the farmers and involving them in technology use is critical to the success of research investment programs for increased sustainable production to alleviate the persistent food insecurity in Kenya.

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between financial development and economic growth in the emerging economies. We explore the effects of financial liberalization and the impact of financial development on economic growth in the emerging economies. Financial liberalization creates market-based incentives that promote economic growth, (Davies, 2010).This paper reviews, appraises, and critiques theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth. It describes the role of financial system development in economic growth at the macro level, both theoretically and empirically. It also describes briefly the relationship of corporate finance and firm performance. According to these discussions, the nature of casualty between the two was established. On the other hand, there is a very common view that financial development is significant and provides to economic growth popularly known as supply lending activity. Equally, there is an order following the belief which states that economic growth stimulates the progress of the financial sector. In addition, researchers state that a pointer association exists between financial development and economic growth. Due to the argument surrounding the link between the two, a group of researchers has subjected the financial growth link to experimental proof. However, despite their efforts, a gap remains in the literature. These results from the fact that very few studies have given attention to the stage development theory, developed by Patrick in nineteen sixty six, where the direction of casualty between the two variables changes over the course of development. The scarcity of experimental studies on Patrick’s theory may be due to limitation of information. It finally concludes the review and presents some policy implications in view of the reviewed literature. Furthermore, theory and evidence imply that better developed financial systems ease external financing constraints facing firms, which illuminates one mechanism through which financial development influences economic growth. The paper highlights many areas needing additional research.

According to the teachings of Islam, the main source of glory to God, and all His glory. The Quran is very bad traits of human arrogance, is considered. In several places the Quran stipulates that all honor is with Allah, so if anyone is looking for glory, no way unless the Lord, to grant him and is in line with the faith and obedience of God, man Amour is also Scriptures of Sajadieh, in various statements, adjectives and adjective arrogance about blaming the esteem was deemed acceptable, and they have been studied. This study, based on an analytical method - description and use of resources in this context, the semantic difference, in terms of arrogance and self esteem in the Quran and Scriptures of Sajadieh, is discussed. The Quran, like the appearance of self-arrogance, but the dignity and arrogance like the evil arrogance, is a big nose. Between self-arrogance and humiliation, is located. Imam Sajjad (AS), the Scriptures, the Lord knows the glory and honor of God granting their request, and the request is not God's glory, do not allow. One barrier to achieving their self-esteem, arrogance knows, and in various ways preventing refer to Arrogance. As well as the dignity of Allah, the Quran, seeking forgiveness are the and It is shown that in the Islamic system, the source of self-formation, by God, not people. Thus, both the source, it was God all the glory, great cause Honorable, and Arrogance bad traits and will cause hardship.

This paper deals with introduction of the West and Islamic perspective on Spiritual Intelligence (SI). After defining intelligence, different perspectives on SI are provided. Dimensions and characteristics of each of them and also the positive influence of SI on private and social life are discussed. And then the Islamic definition of SI is provided and the Islamic and West perspective on SI are compared. Also some of its properties and methods of strengthening are proposed. This paper also compare the Spirituality in new civilization and religious training, which is one of the basis of SI. And at end, differences between normal intelligence and spiritual intelligence, and also suggestions for its improvement are proposed.

Sodium Nitrite is an example of crystal that were found to be ferroelectric a number of years after the discovery of their phase transitions. A change from a non-centrosymmetric to a centric structure is known to occur in NaNO2 at approximately 160 °C. This transition was discovered to be a ferroelectric in 1958. Above the Curie point, the structure is orthorhombic with lattice constants at 205 °C and space group Immm. The dielectric constant exhibits a sharp anomaly at the Curie point and obeys the Curie-Weiss law. The transition is obviously one of the first order. The spontaneous polarization is rather large, namely of the same order as that of KNO3. At 143 °C, Ps = 6.4x10-6 C/cm2, and the 50 c/s coercive field Ec = 2.3 kV/cm. The coercive field is is so large, at room temperature that hysteresis loops cannot be obtained with fields of the order of 25 kV/cm. Above the Curie point, these ions may oscillate along the [010] axis about positions which can be described in terms of the centrosymmetrical space group Immm, but there are also indications that this centric symmetry may be the result of random disorder.

Infertility is considered as critical health problem among all societies all over the world. Infertility has many consequences for men and especially for women. Couples experience stigma, sense of loss, and diminished self-esteem in the setting of their infertility. Childless couples are stigmatized and discriminated against society. The blame for infertility is unquestioningly placed on the women. In this study an attempt has been made to estimate infertility. In this study an attempt has been made to estimate infertility from the direct questions regarding infertility and health seeking behaviour in Uttar Pradesh using the DLHS-III survey data collected in 2007-08. Here the study has been done for rural and urban regions separately. Chi-square techniques have been used to dependency of infertility on the various socio-demographic characteristics. Prevalence of lifetime infertility as well as lifetime primary infertility is higher in rural than urban areas. Treatment seeking is slightly higher among urban than rural women but there is not very big difference. Infertility is perceived as a problem across virtually all cultures and societies. The number of couples seeking treatment for infertility is increasing now-a-days due to more awareness of available services and latest and more successful techniques.

We consider a singular Sturm-Liouville differential expression with an indefinite weight function and we present a necessary condition for similarity of indefinite Sturm-Liouville operators to self-adjoint operators. Using this result, we construct two examples and prove that none of them is similar to a self-adjoint operator.

Wireless sensor networks basically consist of low cost sensor nodes which collect data from environment and relay them to a sink, where they will be subsequently processed. Since wireless nodes are severely power-constrained, the major concern is how to conserve the nodes' energy so that network lifetime can be extended significantly. Employing one static sink can rapidly exhaust the energy of sink neighbors. Furthermore, using a non-optimal single path together with a maximum transmission power level may quickly deplete the energy of individual nodes on the route. This all results in unbalanced energy consumption through the sensor field, and hence a negative effect on the network lifetime. In this paper, we present a comprehensive taxonomy of the various mechanisms applied for increasing the network lifetime. These techniques, whether in the routing or cross-layer area, fall within the following types: multi-sink, mobile sink, multi-path, power control and bio-inspired algorithms, depending on the protocol operation. In this taxonomy, special attention has been devoted to the multi-sink, power control and bio-inspired algorithms, which have not yet received much consideration in the literature. Moreover, each class covers a variety of the state-of-the-art protocols, which should provide ideas for potential future works. Finally, we compare these mechanisms and discuss open research issues.

Interpretation of Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, in his valuable work, which so far have not found the complete text. Except to some sources, a portion of its content can not be achieved. The most important work that is part of the debate, have in reserve, Interpretation of revealed secrets and promise of the righteous, Abolfazl Rashidodon Meybodi, mystic and the great interpreter of the late fifth and early sixth centuries. The Quran also stipulates certain propositions, and never doubted that with phrases like (surely brigade) spells, humans, are invited to believe certain propositions in relation to research and emulate the faith, than it was then based on suspicious is not enough to know. Because of all this is that, knowing the certainty of the Quran, feasibility, and the way is open to everyone, although this little path are based on the Quran in many verses addressed to deal with enemies and infidels, while the validity of those arguments, it invites opponents to no argument or evidence to accuse them, undeniable proof read. Some of the arguments are not, and have certain faith discrete arguments, have tried, with persuasive arguments, to find a way to justify their faith. Such as what we have said is that the probability of God's existence, Edited believe it is because people are forced to accept or deny any of it. But the man of God, to deny something does not get along, if any, shall incur a huge loss. Holy Quran in many cases and argued argument as a means of studying certain uses, or that some of the arguments of the adversary, has demanded proof.

The presence of elements to a certain level support the physiological processes in all living organisms including human beings, but when exceeds the limit they pose health threats. This study was initiated to identify the groundwater quality parameters like pH, Ec, Tds, Na, Mg, Ca, SO4, Fl ,TH ,Cl present in Integrated Dharmapuri district. Two seasonal data of January(winter) and May(Summer) month was obtained from Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) from 2003 to 2005 for three years .The obtained data was used for factor analysis and compared the loaded factors season wise and mapped using Geographical Information System (GIS).