Archives-December 

Nowadays it is of major importance to monitor and collect information about the environment and there are several instances wherein the environs are not conducive to human presence. For underwater pipeline monitoring, detection of enemy submarines, exploration of marine life, search and rescue operations, and surveillance in hazardous environments, it is necessary to develop an unmanned remote controlled vehicle which can do all the required functions. Considering terrains under water and on land, an amphibious robot is best suited for these kinds of activities. The amphibious robot (R-CAR) designed is capable of moving on land as well as on water. It swims with the help of its flaps, rather than using conventional thrusters and control surfaces for propulsion. Through an appropriate set of gaits, this robot is capable of translatory and rotatory motion in the open water. Wheels are attached for movement on land. This robot is controlled by Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) tones produced by a mobile phone which acts as a remote. These tones are then transmitted by a transmitter-encoder module. The receiver-decoder pair placed inside the robot receives and decodes the signal to detect what key the user has pressed. This signal is then received by an on-board microcontroller which is programmed to drive the powerful servo motors by pulse width modulation. The hydro dynamically designed flaps are fastened to the servo motors which provide movement to this robot. All the electronic circuitry is enclosed in streamlined water sealed enclosure. For movement on land, wheels are driven by the DC motors which are programmed by the microcontroller. The robot was found to move satisfactorily on land as well as in water as per the design.

Ministry of Education (MOE) outlines the core curriculum for students who are still studying in Institutions of Higher Education (MOHE) in shaping the identity of students, including the effectiveness of the studies performed superbly in connection with extra-curricular activities. Extra-curricular activities can indirectly increase the level of self-esteem tertiary students nowadays for playing an important role in education. To foster the formation of personality and unity. As the younger generation and people in this country in the curriculum can instill feelings of goodwill, unity, national integration and inculcating good values while participating in these activities. In accordance with the core curriculum to develop human capital to establish the effectiveness of the self-esteem of students. This study shows that extra-curricular activities provide efficacy against identity university students nowadays.

“Survival of the Fittest” is the best quote applicable for this 21st century. The continuous changes coming up in the technology, politics, culture, demography etc are creating complex situations to the individuals. Thus this 21st century has been termed as ‘Century of Stress’. Resiliency is the most important character needed to make an individual psychologically fit to face any problem and emerge successfully. Family, society and environment which builds the personality of an individual affects the presence of resiliency. Resiliency not only helps people to resolve the problems coming up in their way but will help the individuals to live with a positive approach towards growth and success.

Rising demands on engine performance, fuel consumption, emission, etc. leads to study thermal behavior of cooling system in engines precisely. To minimize the time of 3-D numerical simulation, single phase boiling approach was used. Sub-cooled boiling heat transfer consists of two components (i.e. forced convection and boiling). The convective component is evaluated from flow analyses and to evaluate boiling heat transfer, two popular models, Chen and BDL, are considered. To study sub-cooled boiling heat transfer in engine cooling passages, a rectangular, bottom-heated, horizontal duct is simulated here to assess the effects of different working conditions (i.e. pressure, velocity and coolant type) on heat transfer. Comparing the numerical results with the experimental ones reveals that Chen model is more precise than BDL in predicting boiling heat transfer in engine cooling system.

Abstract Sound symbolism is the term for a hypothesized systematic relationship between sound and meaning (Hinton, Nichols, & Ohala 1994). There has been considerable speculation and anecdotal evidence on this point from ancient times up to the present time (de Brosses 1765; Jespersen 1933). Reportedly, this correspondence between sound structure and meaning of words has been suggested to facilitate language acquisition and the process of word learning in both children and adults. With this in mind, the present study investigates the influences made by the relation between sound structure and meaning of the words in English – sound symbolism – on Iranian IELTS candidates' vocabulary learning and application, after being exposed to phonosemantic characteristics of words in English. A number of 60 male and female learners were randomly chosen and divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of 40 questions, containing must-learn vocabularies for the test, in two levels of post-test and pre-test. Comparison between the results of pre-test and post-test of the experimental and control groups indicated that this non-arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning and learners’ awareness does influence the vocabulary learning and category distinction abilities of Iranian IELTS candidates extensively. 

Detergents includes some surfactants like LAS (linear alkyl sulphonate), TPBS (Tetra Propylene derived alkyl Benzene Sulphonate), ABS (branched chain alkyl benzene sulphonate) etc. LAS is most widely used anionic detergents and it have biodegradable capacity, while ABS like surfactants are resistant to biodegradability. The present study specially aims to study spectrophotometerically the contamination level of water of river Gomti by the presence of anionic detergents flowing from the heart of Jaunpur city. In the river Gomti direct wastes like municipal garbage, sewage as well as industrial wastes is dumped without treatment. River Gomti is continuously been contaminated by the sewage and other types of wastes. This study revealed that there is gradual increase in the level of anionic detergents as we proceed from January to December along the years of study 2009, 2010 and 2011.

Henri Fayol (1841-1925), French pioneer of management history, was among the first to recognize and document the universal organizational need for succession planning. However, effective leaders down through the centuries have developed and implemented succession plans for their organizations. There are many leaders today who give little or no “thought to the conclusion of their leadership and so they do little to prepare for it. However, when suddenly faced with leaving their office, they realize that much of their work will have been in vain unless there is a capable successor”.

The Schiff base, 3-(-1-(2-pyrimidinylimino)methyl-2-napthol with NO chromophores have been synthesised and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes isolated. The ligand coordinates to the metal ions in the ratio 2L: 1M, through the azomethine N and napthol O atoms, resulting in N2O2 chromophores around the central metal atom. The % metal, infrared (IR) and electronic spectral measurements are consistent with the adoption of a 4-coordinate square planar/ tetrahedral geometry for the metal complexes. The infrared spectra show lone vC=N, vM-N and vM-O bands for the metal complexes in the range 1649-1655 cm-1, 579-599 cm-1 and 410-497 cm-1 respectively, indicative of the existence of geometric isomerism, and the complexes are in the cis-isomeric forms. Further evidence of coordination is the higher melting points of the complexes in the range 237-301oC in comparison with that of the ligand at 92-94oC. The in-vitro antibacterial studies show that the Schiff base and its Zn(II) complex exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis like ciprofloxacin (30.0-50.5 mm) with inhibitory zones range of 14.0-20.0 and 12.0-17.5 mm respectively in the same assay.

The mixed-ligand complex of [Cu(bipy)2S8(ClO4)2 was synthesized and characterized by employing elemental analyses, metal analyses, infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy, room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductivity measurements and theoretical studies. The elemental and metal analyses show good agreement which support the formulation for the complex. The Cu-S band in the infrared spectrum at 465 cm -1, indicate the formation of the complex. The UV-Vis spectra shows different intraligand transitions at 49,505 cm-1 , 33,445 cm-1, 32,467 cm-1 and the bands at 13,661 cm-1 with a shoulder at 11,820 cm-1 in the visible region supported the CHN data for the formation of the five-coordinate complex. The magnetic moment value at 1.40 B.M indicates the presence of a strong antiferromagnetic properties of the complex. A 1:2 electrolyte nature of the complex was revealed in the conductivity value of 179 mho cm2 mol-1. The theoretical calculations predicted a distorted square pyramidal with S8 in the apical position for the complex with Cu(II)-S bond distance calculated to be 2.874 Å and 2.199 Å for PM3 and DFT methods respectively. The low negative value of S.E (–1.58 kcal/mol) calculated for [Cu(bipy)2S8 ]2+ ion suggested that the complex is more likely to exist either in solution or as an amorphous compound.

This study based on physical and microbial analyses of wastewater samples collected from Nullah Lai, Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Total viable count was done on sterilized media by spread plate technique. In physical analyses of wastewater, it was found that pH was neutral while EC and turbidity of the wastewater samples were greater than the WHO standards for the irrigation purpose. The total viable counts for all the wastewater samples exceeded the standard limit of 1.0x 102 cfu/ml. Three bacterial and four fungal species were detected from the wastewater samples. Preliminary information about microbial diversity in wastewater was attained through this work that is useful in future for wastewater treatment in reference to bioremediation.