Archives-December 

Although electronic commerce has a lot of advantages it suffers from technological and non-technological limitations as well which have hindered its growth and acceptation. The imagination of insecurity and the lack of internationally accepted standards for quality, security and reliability are among the most important technological and non-technological obstacles facing electronic commerce. The insecure imagination of this technology has led to carrying out financial transactions by customers using traditional methods. Now, the question is raised that how the security of electronic financial transactions can be guaranteed for customers? Secure electronic transaction (SET) is one of the most important security protocols and guarantees the security of transactions of any kind. The present article explains the use of this protocol and the method of applying it in Telemedicine. Also, advantages and disadvantages of using SET will be discussed.

This paper contains a typical wind blade design for a horizontal Axis Wind turbine. This paper deals with the parameters like blade dimension, Betz limit, calculation of coefficient of lift and coefficient of drag for the defined parameters like tip speed ratio, angle of attack, relative wind velocity, dealing with aerodynamic design principle for a wind turbine blade which includes aerofoil selection and optimal angle of attack. A simulation study has also been carried out to define certain parameters using standard NACA aerofoil for wind blade design.

To screen the antibacterial efficacy of various solvent extracts of marine algae such as Ulva lactua and Hypnea musciformis against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Crude extracts were prepared from the selected marine algae using different solvents namely, chloroform, n-butyl alcohol, and methanol and were tested for their antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria using agar cup plate diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also performed for selected solvent extracts for all the bacterial species. A suitable positive control was also maintained. Among the two marine algae screened Ulva lactua and Hypnea musciformis were found to be more active N-butyl alcoholic extracts will be showed highest antibacterial activity against pathogens when compared with standard Amoxicilin (Positive control). It was observed that the N-butyl alcoholic extracts of all the two marine algae showed higher inhibitory activity for the selected bacterial species than other solvent extracts. The results revealed that the crude N-butyl alcoholic extracts seem to be a good source material in identifying the effective pure antibacterial compound(s) in all the three marine algae and particularly, Hypnea musciformis. The present study showed that the N-butyl alcoholic extracts of marine algae such as Ulva lactua and Hypnea musciformis exhibited good antimicrobial activity. But the N-butyl alcoholic extracts of Hypnea musciformis possessed highest antibacterial activity than others and so it could be useful in seeking active principles against clinical pathogenic bacteria.

Unsteady MHD flow through porous medium past an impulsively started inclined plate with variable temperature and mass diffusion in the presence of Hall current is studied here. The fluid considered is gray, absorbing-emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. The Governing equations involved in the present analysis are solved by the Laplace-transform technique. The velocity profile is discussed with the help of graphs drawn for different parameters like thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof Number, Prandtl number, Hall current parameter, permeability parameter, magnetic field parameter and Schmidt number, and the numerical values of skin-friction have been tabulated

In this paper, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure; vibrational spectra of 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzaldehyde (HDCB) have been recorded using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra in the region of 4000?400 cm^?1 and 3500?100 cm^?1, respectively. The conformational stability, molecular geometry and harmonic vibrational frequencies were obtained by HF/6-31++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) basis set. The calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies were compared with experimental FTIR and FT-Raman fundamentals. The observed and calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The thermodynamic functions from spectroscopic data by statistical methods were obtained for the range of temperature 100 – 1000K.

Low density polyethylene samples were reinforced with wood fibres from Dracaena arborea, the fibres were either bleached, unbleached, blended, unblended or in the acetylated form. Films formed after reinforcement of the polyethylene with the various forms of the fibres were tested to confirm their mechanical properties like tensile strength and tensile modulus. Moisture regains and water imbibitions were also determined. The reinforced samples were compared with a film formed from pure polyethylene. Mechanical properties of the wood fibre reinforced polyethylene composites were better than that of pure polyethylene. Pure polyethylene has a tensile strength of 20kN/m2 and tensile modulus of 219kN/m2 while the bleached and blended wood fibre reinforced polyethylene had a tensile strength of 42kN/m2 and tensile modulus of 3620kN/m2. Therefore, the reinforced polyethylene is suitable for use as specially tailored light weight structural parts in reinforcement. Whereas pure polyethylene is stable and resistant to environmental decomposition, the wood fibre reinforced polyethylene is renewable due to its ability to absorb moisture and imbibe water. Also, the wood fibre treatment showed improved moisture absorption and water imbibition potentials. This offers the possibility of biodegradation thereby meeting environmental demands.

Anomalous pulmonary venous connection is an abnormality in the blood flow in which all the 4 pulmonary veins drain into the systemic veins or into the right atrium with or without the pulmonary venous obstruction. The Systemic and the pulmonary venous blood get mix in the right atrium. Becomes an atrial defect or foramen ovale is more important in the left ventricular output as both in the fetal and in the newborn circulations

As the scrotum and labia majora form in males and females, respectively; the gubernaculum aids in the descent of the gonads. This being both testes and ovaries. The testes would descend to a greater degree than the ovaries and thus passing through the inguinal canal. The gubernaculum connects the gonad to the inguinoscrotal region and is involved in testis descent. In the male fetus it rapidly develops, whereas in the female fetus, development is lacking.

The basic purpose of this study was to compare the two novels The Bride by Bapsi Sidhwa and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The comparison of both the novels has been done to analyze the attitude of Patriarchal society towards Zaitoon and Hester who are the main characters of the The Bride and The Scarlet Letter respectively. Both the novels are written centuries far apart and in places which are geographically two different parts of the world. However, both the characters face same difficulties and miseries from the patriarchal society. Both refuse to surrender before the oppression and strongly resist against this tyrannical attitude. They prefer to lead the life of their own choice and refuse to follow the set rules and regulations of patriarchal society. The comparative analysis proves that the dominance of patriarchal thought is same in both east and west and women are exploited for one or the other reason by the male dominated societies.. This attitude is not reserved to any particular part of the world or any specific time period. Thus, this fact is established that patriarchy has no geographical and temporal boundaries Nevertheless, Hester and Zaitoon give a very strong message to rest of the women folk that it is through inner courage and determination by which they can defeat the oppressing forces. Both of them become a symbol of struggle against this chauvinistic thought.

The present research attempts to analyze Pakistani English novels namely A Case of Exploding Mangoes (2008), The Scatter Here is too Great (2014), and A Season for Martyrs (2014) as historiographic metafiction. Linda Hutcheon propsed historiographic metafiction as a theory that re-conceptualizes history by combining fact and fiction. Pakistani novelists present social, political and historical issues of the region through this genre of postmodern fiction. The study shows that official history related to partition, military rule and politics is being questioned in the selected texts. Textual analysis is used as a research method.