Archives-December 

This paper looks at copyright and digitization of print literary materials for academic purposes. It was revealed that despite the exceptions to copyrights law, interpreting fair use for reproduced print materials in digitalised form is very difficult because of the inherent nature of digitalised materials which is self reproducible and distributable with no limitation. The only solution found for academic institutions was digitalising materials already in public domain or grey resources of institutions. It was also the opinion that digitalising government documents would be easier compared to materials whose copyright are privately owned. In conclusion, it was recommended that institutions should digitalise their grey print resources and materials in the public domain, seek permission from government establishment and get licence to digitalise print resources owed by private persons.

This study was designed to investigate interventions that were being introduced by secondary school heads in effective implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Mutasa District of Manicaland in Zimbabwe. The study population comprised forty-two secondary schools with a combined enrolment of around ten thousand two hundred students and thirty secondary school heads. Purposive sampling was used to select ten secondary schools and thirty-seven teachers for detailed study. An entirely qualitative research design was used since the researchers were dealing with unstructured and non-numeric data. The researchers used questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis to elicit data that wereneeded to provide responses to research questions. The major findings were that although school heads had generally embraced ICT at their schools, they did not have proper ICT qualifications and were not fully equipped to deal with all issues that would lead to meaningful interventions. School heads did not have adequate knowledge on ICT and very little was being done to address the situation through in-service programmes. It was also noted that school heads faced a multiplicity of problems which heavily militated against the smooth introduction of ICT in schools. Most of the problems emanated from the fact that these schools did not have solid revenue bases. It was also observed that the attitude of the head was a pivotal factor that determined the manner and extent of ICT usage at a school. The mind-set of the head was seen as being very instrumental in encouraging teachers to embrace or ignore ICT. This research also revealed that there were other external forces that compelled school heads to introduce ICT at their schools. This study strongly recommends that responsible authorities for schools and the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education in Zimbabwe should come up with serious measures that assist school heads to procure ICT appliances and learn about them.

This article analyses the influence of the combined effect of the internal (IOE) and external (EOE) operating environments on the accuracy of performance forecasting (APF) in large manufacturing firms (LMFs) in Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess if the combined effect of the operating environments precipitated any change in any of the measures of APF. Against the backdrop of internal management conflicts of interest and exogenous events, poor forecasting in LMFs is commonplace. However, in recent times, LMFs have tended to hire skilled forecasting personnel. This study therefore, assumes that the qualified forecasting staff ensures accuracy in preparing future budgets. Both IOE and EOE are said to influence the performance of manufacturing operations. The study identified IOE and EOE influencers of firm performance and tested these against critical measures of APF. To isolate statistical significance of results, regression analysis was applied using data collected through a structured questionnaire administered among randomly selected LMFs. Results indicated that there was evidence that the combined effect of IOE and EOE had a moderating influence on APF through ROS when objective forecasting was applied, and through EV when combination forecasting was used.

In any democratic society, rule of law is a crucial tool to maintain good governance. Ethiopia is striving to build democracy and rule of law .To that effect; it has promulgated different laws and policies in the past decades. It has enacted its first federal constitution in 1995. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution in its preamble clearly provides that maintaining rule of law is one of the basic goals that the Ethiopian Nation Nationalities and Peoples strive to pursue. Even if different factors (for example such as culture and level of development) explain democratic and rule of law based society, role of vibrant judiciary (judiciary that actively supervise public authorities) is paramount. Conventionally, judicial organ is one of the three organs of government to which the power of interpreting the law is given. In Ethiopia too, the judiciary is made the ultimate law interpreter thereby maintain rule of law and good governance. So as to perform such an act, the judiciary should exercise its inherent power of judicial review.

Table of contents for the month of July 2020

This paper looked at Nigerian Law Library management in the age of technology using selected management theories. Classical, behavioural and modern management theories provided guidelines for providing a modus operandi in Nigerian academic Law Library management. This study showed that technological age has shifted intensively into educational settings, and information centres have taken the path of innovation to meet up with the demands of technology. Management theories were critically looked at and it was found that classical management theories were no fit for management of organisations in a dynamic technology era. Issues inherent in Nigerian academic Law Libraries were found inimical to the trends of technology age. Behavioural and Modern management theories were recommended for managing academic law libraries through the technological age. Chaotic theory, systems theory and contingency Management theories are subsets of modern theories deemed fit for a paradigm shift of academic Law libraries. While McGregor’s “Y” theory was deemed fit for applying right motivation to Law Library workforce.

Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and busi-ness information. With these new computing and communica-tions paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. We propose a different approach for securing data in the cloud using offensive decoy technology. We monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns. When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge questions, we launch a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of decoy information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the user’s real data. Experiments conducted in a local file setting provide evidence that this approach may provide unprecedented levels of user data security in a Cloud environment.

Fully developed laminar mixed convection of permeable couple stress fluid in a vertical channel has been investigated analytically in the presence of heat generation or absorption. Uniform wall temperatures with asymmetric and symmetric heating have been considered. An analytical solution has been developed by using perturbation technique. Results are depicted graphically on the flow for different values of couple stress parameter, porous parameter, mixed convection parameter and heat generation or absorption coefficient. The results show that the flow reversal occurs near the walls of the channel for sufficiently large value of the ratio of Grashof number and Reynolds number.

Ambient (outdoor) air pollution is now recognized as an important problem, both nationally and internationally. Air pollution is harming our health and that of our children and parents. The young and old are particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Air pollution causes many harmful effects, ranging from premature death, to headaches, coughing and asthma attacks. But it is easy to forget that we are contributing to the air pollution as we drive our vehicles, or potentially harmful pollutants spew out of the chimneys of huge factories, We think that pollutants simply blow away, but under some conditions they may be inhaled, minutes or hours later. That is we are careless about air pollution and its impact on health. The need of the hour is to ensure that our air is clean for us and for our future generations, we need to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air. Government bodies develop regional air plans and education programs aimed at reducing pollution, central government is developing vehicle emissions standards, national environmental standards and new fuel regulations to monitor and keep the air pollution under control and improve the quality of air.

The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological diversity of banana and plantain in the province of Maniema and to identify criteria for the choice of planting material, as well as the different uses of banana in the study area. To do this, a survey was carried out using the questionnaire established by Bioversity-CIALCA, on the morphological characterization of the different cultivars. These surveys identified 19 banana cultivars as follows: 4 French type plantains, 3 false horns, 2 true horns, 6 dessert bananas and 4 cooking plantains not belonging to the first three groups. The results also showed that dessert-type bananas are the most diversified in the study area (Maniema Province) with a proportion of 31% followed by French-type plantains with 27%. A small proportion of cooking plantains (7%) were recorded in this region. All these banana and plantain cultivars of the region have been described on the basis of previous knowledge, which allows to enrich the biodiversity knowledge of this crop in the Province of Maniema. Criteria for choosing planting material include flavor, taste, the amount of juice first and demand / price on the market for essential items (such as salt, soap, ...) and for sustainable production because they work for self-consumption. The main uses of banana in the region are food and the manufacture of indigenous alcohol.