Archives-December 

Bioavailability (with high permeability and solubility) is important for effective therapeutic drugs. Nevertheless, in drug research, many drug molecules are of low permeability and solubility. Accordingly, in order to prolong the release and boost the bioavailability of these drug substances, new methods are required. A nanoparticle is a new solution to frame drug agents into nanoparticles. Two drugs fragments like furosemide (diuretic) suit to the BCS class IV and Amlodipine Besylate (calcium channel blocker) suit to the BCS class II in this study were co-encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles by PVA as a surfactant. Normal particle dimension of these nanoparticles was found to be 275 nm with -12 mV zeta potential value. In house HPLC technique was developed for simultaneous estimation of these two molecules using CAN 5 C18-AR HPLC column with Phosphate buffer: CAN (62:38) as a mobile phase (1.0ml/min flow rate, 220nm detection) for entrapment efficacy study. Normal entrapment efficiency of Amlodipine and Furosemide were found to be 40% and 58%. Additionally, in vitro dissolution study was conducted in the phosphate buffer pH 7.4, and it was witnessed that 6% and 10% amlodipine and furosemide were released after 24 hours at room temperature condition at 100 rmp. From these results, it was concluded that these two molecules could be co-encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles and below 15% relief of these two molecules after co-encapsulation in the PLGA nanoparticles showed the controlled release arrangement.

Biodegradation and trace element content of three different animal wastes were evaluated in green house study. The study was a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three different rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20 tha-1 each for poultry manure, pig manure and cow dung. Each treatment was replicated three times. The result showed that biodegradation rate of the wastes varied while poultry manure (PM) and pig manure (PG) decomposed fast, cow dung (CD) decomposed relatively slow. Hence nutrient release ability will be more on the PM and PG than in CD. The result of the study showed that it will require more oxygen to degrade CD than PG or PM thus cow dung has higher pollution potential followed by PG and PM. The result also showed that the incorporation of the animal wastes enriched maize shoot with trace metals. These metals at above critical levels are toxic to animals and human beings.

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous crop of tropics and sub tropics. An extensive survey of brinjal growers was carried to know the constraints in brinjal cultivation. The lack of suitable HYVs, technical knowhow, quality irrigation water and plant protection was the four most important factors which were found to be responsible for low productivity. To fulfil this gap a FLD (front line demonstrations) was designed during 2012-2013 on Brinjal cv. Gujarat Hybrid Brinjal-1 at ten selected farmer’s field. The main objective of FLD was to popularize good agriculture practices (GAP) among the farmers. The yield of Brinjal cv. GHB-1 was recorded 270.80q/ha from demonstration plots as compared to local check (195.50qt/ha). The percentage increase in yield over local check was demonstrated in variety GHB-1 (38.51). The highest gross return, net return and cost benefit ratio were recorded Rs. 1, 02,300 /ha, Rs. 60,100/ha and 2.42 as compared to local check respectively. The “mean knowledge score” of farmers was increased significantly by 32.42% after implementation of frontline demonstrations.

We have dealt with the Backend design of LMS algorithm in Cadence tools. The LMS algorithm is used for the purposes of Polyharmonic Power Calibrator, Active phase cancellation of Hostile radars, and Noise cancellation. We have implemented the algorithm into VLSI technology using Verilog HDL, designed, simulated, and synthesized it using Xilinx Spartan3 3s400pq208 and the backend design is done using Cadence tools. The backend design for the LMS adaptive filter is done using RTL-GDSII So C encounter system and the So C design of the LMS algorithm had a power consumption of 32mW, timing slack of about 14ps and the design frequency is about 4.2Mhz also it uses an area of about 9753microns with a core size of about Ratio (H/W) 0.9204437. It is found that the backend implementation to be more efficient than the other methods of implementation.

The present article is an attempt to study Annie Proulx’s short story collection: Fine Just the Way It Is in the light of Judith Butler’s concepts of vulnerability and gender performativity. According to Butler, all bodies are manipulated by regulatory norms and existing cultural power to perform a predefined gender role as well as vulnerable from the start to the world of others. By exploring the stories through Butlerian concepts of gender performativity and vulnerability, this article presents that Proulx’s characters not only gain their recognition in a political project through following their gender performativity, but also experience the collective condition of vulnerability to the socioeconomic structures as well as conditioned by power. Therefore, this analysis inevitably seeks to particularize the way Proulx’s characters portray the norms of performativity which have to be performed in order to be recognized in social realm through ‘desire’ and ‘enactment’. Furthermore, by paralyzing Butler’s concept of vulnerability to the literary pieces, the present study delineates the situations in which characters experience ‘violence’, ‘insecurity’, and ‘lack of autonomy’ instigated by interdependency and imposed conventions of social structures.

The history of cannabis in Morocco goes back several centuries. Its consumption was subject to social norms limiting its market as well as its impact on society. The advent of the protectorate (1912-1956) made cannabis an economic product of great value through a monopoly of its cultivation and marketing despite the undeniable impact on public health. This article traces the history of cannabis in Morocco from its earliest origins, passing through multiple historical events that marked the place of this product in Moroccan society and finally pausing on the great change that will experience the cultivation and consumption of cannabis under the protectorate.

A carotid web (CW), an atypical fibromuscular dysplasia, is rare and may cause ischemic stroke. It is challenging to recognize a carotid web promptly and treat it accordingly. We report a case of young man who has no history of stroke, and initially consulted for vertigo and cervical plusatility sensation.

This study analysed the efficiency of resource use in cassava production in Ayedaade Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. It focused on the socio-economic characteristics of cassava farmers, input-output relationship and the efficiency of resource use in cassava production. Data were collected from a random sampling of 120 cassava farmers using pre-tested questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, regression technique and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Result showed that the average age of the respondents was 49 years;average year of schooling was 7 and average households’ size consistsof 7 members. The result further revealed that the average farm size of the respondents was 4.59 hectares. The double-Log function of the multiple regression analysis gave best fit with R2 of 92.3% and it indicated that farm size, hired labour used, quantity of herbicides and fertilizer used significantly influenced cassava output. For the efficiency analysis, farm size (ha), cost of factor input and chemicals (fertilizers and herbicides) used per hectares were the major determinants of farm level efficiency among the cassava farm households in the study area.

This paper presents change detection approach for synthetic aperture radar images based on log and mean ratio operators, image fusion and a novel fuzzy local information c means Clustering algorithm. The two multi-temporal SAR images are subjected to ratio operators. The log ratio operator is used to produce the difference image with enhanced low intensity pixels. The mean ratio operator suppresses the unchanged region and improves the homogeneity of the changed region. The difference image is then subjected to image fusion. To improve the intensity of the background pixels Wavelet based image fusion technique is used. The fused image is then subjected to a novel fuzzy algorithm which is Reformulated Fuzzy Local Information C Means Clustering Algorithm. Finally the total number of pixels varied from the difference image is calculated. The kappa and Percentage of correct classification values are more than other algorithms.

The purpose of this study was to characterize plantain banana cropping systems on peasant farms near Kisangani, DR Congo. In order to achieve the expected results, a survey based on a semi-structured questionnaire was done among 60 farmers and banana fields. In addition to the interview with the farmers, a direct observation was also made in the fields of plantain banana in order to complete the information obtained from the farmers. The results obtained indicate that agriculture is the main survival activity and plantain banana rest the priority crop that takes place mainly in primary or secondary forests. For majority of plantain banana farmers, the fields are burned and occupy from 2 to 3 ha. In terms of types of cropping, polyculture is largely used by the majority of plantain banana producers and the plantain-maize, plantain-cassava and plantain-rice are the most frequent intercropping in the area. Compared to the field duration of plantain banana, the maximum time is 5 years and the techniques adopted by the farmers to maintain the plantain are regular maintenance of the field and destruction of diseased or attacked plants, maintenance of certain standing trees and accumulation of plant debris around the tuft.