Archives-December 

The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethno-pharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists’ arecombing the Earth for phytochemicals and "leads" which could bedeveloped for treatment of infectious diseases. Many pathogenic microbes have capability to develop resistance against synthetic formulation. Synthetic formulation is very toxic and destroys the soil fertility and ecological balance. Plant based formulation are least toxic and better for environment balance so it can be replace by synthetic formulation. Antimicrobial activity of plants is mainly due to the presence of secondary metabolites. Plants are rich in wide varietyof secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobialproperties. This review attempts to summarize the current statusof botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed.

The benefits of risk management in projects are huge. You can gain a lot of money if you deal with uncertain project events in a proactive manner. The result will be that you minimize the impact of project threats and seize the opportunities that occur. This allows you to deliver your project on time, on budget and with the quality results your project sponsor demands. Also your team members will be much happier if they do not enter a "firefighting" mode needed to repair the failures that could have been prevented. In this paper we identified six common risk factors that could impact a project. Some factors are obvious, but some are not and it is important to identify them all. You are encouraged to review them all when planning for project risks. Also In this paper we describe common schedule risk factors. We give you some tools to identify risk and lower its impact, thereby saving your projects from schedule slips.

Due to the development of new techniques for generating and collecting data, the rate of growth of scientific databases has become large, which creates both a need and an opportunity to extract implicit knowledge to analyze these datasets. Analysis of such large expression data gives rise to a number of new computational challenges not only due to the increase in no. of data objects but also due to the increase in no of attributes. Hence to improve the efficiency and accuracy of mining task on high dimensional data, the data must be preprocessed by an efficient dimensionality reduction method. In this paper, we have proposed a Rough Genetic Approach for high-dimensional data clustering. Initially an efficient method of Rough Set Theory has been applied on the discritized data set to generate a reduced set of relevant attributes. Then, it is proposed to use the Genetic Algorithm for finding the cluster index of the dataset with reduced attribute which may give better clustering accuracy than other clustering techniques.

Various diseases of the oral cavity can be diagnosed from the oral fluids. Such diagnosis can be imagined because our medical field has progressed in many ways. One of the major progress can be visualized in the area of detection of diseases using saliva. The important diagnostic materials present in saliva such as salivary biomarkers, not only guide in the detection of oral diseases but can be used to evaluate the systemic diseases. This article is a review of the earlier studies which discusses about the different kind of biomarkers present in saliva and their role in diagnosing various diseases and conditions. Therefore, saliva is the promising aid in the diagnosis of chronic periodontal disease1

Although modernhuman believes that beliefs and thoughts of the early human based on which their life spent and related they their life to these beliefs are superstitions and the result of lack of awareness, knowledge and culture, in unconscious mind, these symbols are connected to his/her basic beliefs. In this way, today, there are reliefs in all cultures by which human dealt throughout the history and they had specific meaning in each era and beliefs of early humans evolved as symbols in the life of modern human and they change in accordance with the culture and thought of each era. With a quick look to historical, literal and artistic works, we find out that the figures of lion have important position in decorative arts of Iran either before or after Islamin various periods of Iranian culture. Concepts in astronomy and religious concepts of ancient and Islamic Iran are reflected in literature of Iran which are mixed with the roots of Persian poetry including works of Rumi, Hafez and Ferdowsi and or as an important symbol in illustration of great Shahnamehs of Iranian artistic eras such as Safavid age which is the golden age of Iranian art. This symbol is the most ignored symbols which remained unknown in our era despite of its historical greatness and archaism and is neglected. Iranian lion symbol to which sun is added historically, is registered in United Nations as one of the three medical symbol along with red crescent and red cross. Today, it is stated that this symbol is being replaced by red star o Israel. The aim of this work is to recognize and extract this symbol in Iranian thought before and after Islam. Each art in which an artwork is created must have an inextricable tie with culture and thought. Iranian artist must investigate this cultural background and utilize its concepts and values for culture- creation in his/ her artworks. The method of data collection in this research is through studying documents available in libraries and investigation of the symbol of lion using observation and library methods. In this way, various references are used and the type of research is historical, descriptive and analytical.

In this paper, we introduced Samarandache-2-algebraic structure of Soft Neutrosophic Near-ring namely Smarandache –Soft Neutrosophic Near-ring. A Samarandache-2-algebraic structure on a set N means a weak algebraic structure S1 on N such that there exist a proper subset M of N, Which is embedded with a stronger algebraic structure S2 ,stronger algebraic structure means satisfying more axioms, that is S1 << S2 ,by proper subset one can understand a subset different from the empty set, from the unit element if any , from the Whole set. We define Smarandache - Soft Neutrosophic Near-ring and construct its algorithms through soft neutrosophic (H,A) – subgroup,soft neutrosophic ideal,soft neutrosophic bi-ideal,soft neutrosophic quasi-ideal.For basic concept of near-ring we refer to G.Pilz and for soft neutrosophic algebraic structure we refer to Muhammed Shabir ,Mumtaz Ali,Munazza Naz, and Florentin Smarandache.

Many of the previous research studies on innovation tend to focus on process and product (technological) innovations. It is, however, interesting to note that Organisational and Marketing Innovations (OMIs) could be the necessary prerequisites to optimally utilise and deploy such technological innovations. This study proposes Organisational Ambidexterity as a necessary antecedent to develop the firm’s OMI capabilities. For firms to remain competitive and adaptive to a continuous change in the business environment, Organisational Ambidexterity has been noted to be a necessary attribute, but research on ambidexterity at individual level of analysis is limited. The study intends to develop a framework that promotes effective innovation through shop floor employees’ contributions to Organisational Ambidexterity, OMIs capabilities of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

LiMn2O4 has been explored as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The usual method to produce LiMn2O4 has been the solid state reaction process. We report the synthesis of spinel phase lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) nanoparticles through a template-free starch-glycine assisted solution combustion synthesis (SCS). The method is a single step method. The resultant powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques, which were studied in details to observe the structural and electrochemical properties.

The paper unveils that conversations among the students were characterized by complex exchange of statement of facts, or ideas which often conveyed via the device of declarative. Also, the participants engaged in requests, commands, exclamations and questions. These clause types convey the speakers’ mood using the modal verbs. Modal verbs were used to assess speakers’ attitude towards their propositions. The data for the paper was gotten from live debates produced by Sri Lankan secondary school students. The speeches were taped and transcribed into written variants so as to analyze it. English modals are so complex as they posed difficulty in their comprehension especially to English as a second/foreign language speakers. The polyfunctionality of modal markers seemed to be motivated by the Sri Lankan secondary school students’ discourse community norms, conventions, goals and the grammar of English which were strategized by the speakers’ communicative styles. The participants demonstrated their linguistic proficiencies through mechanisms of unassertiveness, and persuasion so as to avoid total commitments to a particular point of view which they expressed. Overwhelmingly, the paper revealed that declarative clause was utilized.

This study seeks to achieve a complete elucidation of structures of unknown Eudesmane sesquiterpenes from their 13C values. The 13C values for each of the fifteen (15) positions of the skeletons of the Eudesmane compounds were predicted using Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN). From the predicted 13C values, GRNN and Scatter Plot methods were used to predict the substituents attached to each position on the skeleton of the Eudesmane compounds. Recognition of the test compounds ranged between 40 and 100%. GRNN and Scatter plots demonstrated great potential for use in the structural elucidation of unknown compounds from 13C values.