Archives-December  

Ethiopia is one of the leading producers and exporters of coffee. Ethiopia is the fifth largest exporter of coffee among the coffee producing and exporting countries. Majority of the coffee producers in Ethiopia consist of small farmers and many of them depend mainly on coffee for their livelihood. In several parts of Oromiya and SNNP regions of Ethiopia, especially in Jimma and Sidamo zones, primary cooperatives and cooperative unions have been organized exclusively for the coffee producers to market and provide service and supplies to them. Present study is undertaken to know the marketing strategies followed by the cooperative unions, especially with reference to export marketing. As these cooperatives are contributing to the foreign exchange of the country, the study gains relevance to today’s economic situation of the country. The specific objectives of the study are: To study the internal and external marketing practices followed by the sample cooperative unions. To examine the type of competition that exists in export business and the strategies followed to meet such competition, and to analyse the problems faced by the cooperatives in export marketing and to offer suggestions to them. The study was conducted on two cooperative unions, which are better performing in export trade and were purposively selected. The sample Cooperative Unions are Oromia Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union and Yirgachefe Coffee Cooperative Union. For deeper study the most successful Cooperative Union, namely Oromia Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union and two primary cooperatives affiliated to it were selected. The major findings of the study were: In their export marketing the unions have to face stiff international competition. They are able to withstand such competition and come out successfully by means of improving the quality of coffee, going for fair trade practices and by keeping better rapport with all the stakeholders involved in export trade. As fair trade coffee brings better price and dividend price, the primary cooperatives are educating the farmers to go for such practices continuously. To give value addition, numbers of processing activities are added by the unions. Some times when production is high, the unions are unable to procure the entire produces. During such seasons primaries sell coffee to the private merchants.

The economies of many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are largely oil based. Steep declines in oil and gas prices in 2014 by 50% or more led some governments in MENA region to decrease healthcare budgets by more than 30%. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the marketing strategies that managers of international pharmaceutical companies have successfully implemented in the MENA region to sustain profitability despite the decreases in the healthcare budgets, consequent to the 2014 declines in oil and gas prices. The study involved data collection using semistructured interviews of 6 middle and executive managers working in 2 international pharmaceutical companies located in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. The strategic flexibility theory underpinned the study in furthering the exploration of challenges associated with implementing marketing strategies by international pharmaceutical companies in the MENA region. Study participants selected to partake in this research had a minimum of 5 years of experience in planning and implementing marketing strategies in the region. The findings from the data analysis led to the identification of major marketing strategies, which have helped to maintain business sustainability of pharmaceutical companies, despite difficulties with the reduction in healthcare budgets in the MENA region. The important themes emerging from this study included: (a) product launch strategy and operating model, (b) transformation of leaders by vision and guidance. The results of the study may contribute to positive social change as pharmaceutical and healthcare knowledge benefits human health and may also serve to influence positive job creation and enrichment of the economies of the region.

Customer’s satisfaction is identify as the most essential concept of marketing with solid evidence of strategic links between physical evidences (interior and exterior design) and customer satisfaction (Bitner, 1992). The spirit of innumerable researches in diverse industries endorse that the service provider pay greater attention to satisfy their customers. Malaysian government is serious in making the country as a hub for tourism. Unfortunately, until recently, number of complaints on physical evidences of the hotels and resorts keep increasing upward. Accordingly, this current study looks for the impact of physical evidences on the customer’s satisfaction in hotels and resorts sector of Lumut. Data was collected through survey questionnaire. A convenience sampling was employed to select the respondents. The results provide a basis from which within industries benchmarking and the identification of best practices can be captured and used by practitioners.Therefore, recognition of significant determinants of customer’s satisfaction may facilitate the higher management in adopting and implementing efficient and effective customers’ focus strategies.

Extensive studies were investigated Mechatronics of Automobile since the synergistic combination of classical electro-mechanic of automobile , computer science and automatic engineering were integrated to together at the beginning of the conceptual stage for the design of new models of automobile. More automobiles involve more pollution after fuel consumption. Although motors’ performance had been proving through its electronic computerized control unit, also called calculator, the limitation and the insufficient functional problem of motor’s injection system remain unsolved. To overcome this problem at different angle in contrast with early studies and conclusions, this paper focuses on motor’s electronic computerized control unit, such as Motronic injection system performance to highlight limitation and insufficient of motor’s injection system by using requirement and constraint analysis of electronic system on the sensors, calculators and injectors before the consequences of the failures of Mechatronics key elements in the motor’s injection system. The results show that electro-chemistry constraints, hardware and software requirements .This paper support the hypothesis that hybrid engine is more perfect for reducing fuel consumption and avoiding harmful gas emission than an internal combustion engine or an electric motor one alone .

People concerned with educational matters do not consider theories as ends in themselves but as means to achieve ends (Ellis, 1990). This paper is the outcome of a study conducted according to Gardner (1983, 1993, 2005)’s Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory. The objective, however, is to coordinate classroom activities with language students’ intelligences in order to assist students cope with the limitations associated with the learning context and for them to have better achievements. To do this, a validated modified version of Silver and Strong (1998)’s MI Indicator has been employed and 119 university students have been subjected to MI analysis. The results gained as the outcome of factor analysis, descriptive statitics, T-test and correlation furnished a pool of information to draw on in order to employ effective learning activities.

Nanocomposite which is a multiphase solid material such as particle layers or fibers containing at least one phase in nanoscale, have been extensively accepted as a new arena as well as an unique delivery system in pharmaceutical research. Several application of above mentioned system like polymeric nanocomposite, nano-fibers composite and iron oxide nanoparticle composite with their respective delivery system and characterization are discussed in this review article. Moreover, nanocomposite is now introduced in cancer therapy in order to provide better therapy with minimal toxicity.

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It’s a major health problem in developing countries such as in north Africa. the incidence of tuberculosis in developing country is increasing, but also in the developed ones due to immunodeficiency. Most clinician do not consider tuberculosis when they are faced a symptomatology that refers to a lesion in the nasopharyngeal area., so often lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Biopsy and histopathological examination should be done in every case to avoid misdiagnosis. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis has an excellent prognosis and it has complete resolution if treated properly.

The National Radioactive Waste Management Centre was established in June 1995. The Centre is responsible for all national radioactive waste safety operations in Ghana at its centralized waste management facility. It also aims at promoting research and development activities in radioactive waste management in Ghana. Despite the myriad of challenges confronting the centre in executing these mandates it is however, making giant strides in the safe management of radioactive waste in Ghana.

Between 1960 and 1991, few issues attracted Nigeria’s diplomatic attention than the obnoxious apartheid policy in South Africa. Apartheid was a policy consolidated by the white minority supremacist government in South Africa in 1948, which emphasized separate development among the races in the country. As Africa’s most populous nation, Nigeria considered her own independence as incomplete as long as the dehumanizing policy which treated Africans like sub-human beings was in vogue; hence, she was enthusiastically committed to its elimination. Nigeria devised workable diplomatic methods and strategies such as sanctions, boycott, threats, financial assistance and collaboration with the international community toward the actualization of the goal. Eventually, in 1990, Nelson Mandela, the symbol of African resistance and other political prisoners were released from prison and the apartheid machinery was reformed. In 1994, Mandela was inaugurated as the first black President, after winning a landslide victory in the first multi-coloured election in the country. However, in recent times, South Africa has been contending for the leadership of the African continent against Nigeria, instead of complimenting Nigeria’s leadership role on the continent, while some misguided South Africans have engaged in alleged xenophobic attacks against African nationals in South Africa, including Nigerians. The paper suggests that the two countries should cooperate rather than compete with each other and that South Africa should support Nigeria’s aspiration for a permanent seat at the United Nations as a reward for Nigeria’s support for her in the dark days of apartheid. This paper adopts a historical analytical method.

Discretization transforms a continuous attribute values into a finite number of intervals and associates with each interval a numerical, discrete value. For mixed-mode (continuous and discrete) data, discretization is usually performed prior to the learning process and plays an important role in KDD process. CAIM is very efficient, supervised discretization algorithm. Recent data mining technology is found to be slow to handle data of very large scale. In addition, data mining needs to be a continuous, online process, rather than an occasional one-shot process which has created a need for incremental approach for effective model preparation and updating. Incremental classification is proposed in literature needs online discretization, has created a need for fast and efficient discretization algorithm. The Modified CAIM (MoCAIM) algorithm is proposed and used as online discretization for the Novel ID3 (NID3) algorithm where CAIR is used as attribute selection criteria and CAIM is used for online discretization. Improved NID3 (INID3) is proposed to improve the classification accuracy by considering the unclassified instances of the test and predication phases of the classification process. The outperforming results of MoCAIM and INID3 algorithms in term of classification accuracy and Execution time motivate to explore the process further for the streamed data classification.