Archives-December  

Abstract Sound symbolism is the term for a hypothesized systematic relationship between sound and meaning (Hinton, Nichols, & Ohala 1994). There has been considerable speculation and anecdotal evidence on this point from ancient times up to the present time (de Brosses 1765; Jespersen 1933). Reportedly, this correspondence between sound structure and meaning of words has been suggested to facilitate language acquisition and the process of word learning in both children and adults. With this in mind, the present study investigates the influences made by the relation between sound structure and meaning of the words in English – sound symbolism – on Iranian IELTS candidates' vocabulary learning and application, after being exposed to phonosemantic characteristics of words in English. A number of 60 male and female learners were randomly chosen and divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of 40 questions, containing must-learn vocabularies for the test, in two levels of post-test and pre-test. Comparison between the results of pre-test and post-test of the experimental and control groups indicated that this non-arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning and learners’ awareness does influence the vocabulary learning and category distinction abilities of Iranian IELTS candidates extensively. 

Detergents includes some surfactants like LAS (linear alkyl sulphonate), TPBS (Tetra Propylene derived alkyl Benzene Sulphonate), ABS (branched chain alkyl benzene sulphonate) etc. LAS is most widely used anionic detergents and it have biodegradable capacity, while ABS like surfactants are resistant to biodegradability. The present study specially aims to study spectrophotometerically the contamination level of water of river Gomti by the presence of anionic detergents flowing from the heart of Jaunpur city. In the river Gomti direct wastes like municipal garbage, sewage as well as industrial wastes is dumped without treatment. River Gomti is continuously been contaminated by the sewage and other types of wastes. This study revealed that there is gradual increase in the level of anionic detergents as we proceed from January to December along the years of study 2009, 2010 and 2011.

Henri Fayol (1841-1925), French pioneer of management history, was among the first to recognize and document the universal organizational need for succession planning. However, effective leaders down through the centuries have developed and implemented succession plans for their organizations. There are many leaders today who give little or no “thought to the conclusion of their leadership and so they do little to prepare for it. However, when suddenly faced with leaving their office, they realize that much of their work will have been in vain unless there is a capable successor”.

The Schiff base, 3-(-1-(2-pyrimidinylimino)methyl-2-napthol with NO chromophores have been synthesised and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes isolated. The ligand coordinates to the metal ions in the ratio 2L: 1M, through the azomethine N and napthol O atoms, resulting in N2O2 chromophores around the central metal atom. The % metal, infrared (IR) and electronic spectral measurements are consistent with the adoption of a 4-coordinate square planar/ tetrahedral geometry for the metal complexes. The infrared spectra show lone vC=N, vM-N and vM-O bands for the metal complexes in the range 1649-1655 cm-1, 579-599 cm-1 and 410-497 cm-1 respectively, indicative of the existence of geometric isomerism, and the complexes are in the cis-isomeric forms. Further evidence of coordination is the higher melting points of the complexes in the range 237-301oC in comparison with that of the ligand at 92-94oC. The in-vitro antibacterial studies show that the Schiff base and its Zn(II) complex exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis like ciprofloxacin (30.0-50.5 mm) with inhibitory zones range of 14.0-20.0 and 12.0-17.5 mm respectively in the same assay.

The mixed-ligand complex of [Cu(bipy)2S8(ClO4)2 was synthesized and characterized by employing elemental analyses, metal analyses, infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy, room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductivity measurements and theoretical studies. The elemental and metal analyses show good agreement which support the formulation for the complex. The Cu-S band in the infrared spectrum at 465 cm -1, indicate the formation of the complex. The UV-Vis spectra shows different intraligand transitions at 49,505 cm-1 , 33,445 cm-1, 32,467 cm-1 and the bands at 13,661 cm-1 with a shoulder at 11,820 cm-1 in the visible region supported the CHN data for the formation of the five-coordinate complex. The magnetic moment value at 1.40 B.M indicates the presence of a strong antiferromagnetic properties of the complex. A 1:2 electrolyte nature of the complex was revealed in the conductivity value of 179 mho cm2 mol-1. The theoretical calculations predicted a distorted square pyramidal with S8 in the apical position for the complex with Cu(II)-S bond distance calculated to be 2.874 Å and 2.199 Å for PM3 and DFT methods respectively. The low negative value of S.E (–1.58 kcal/mol) calculated for [Cu(bipy)2S8 ]2+ ion suggested that the complex is more likely to exist either in solution or as an amorphous compound.

This study based on physical and microbial analyses of wastewater samples collected from Nullah Lai, Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Total viable count was done on sterilized media by spread plate technique. In physical analyses of wastewater, it was found that pH was neutral while EC and turbidity of the wastewater samples were greater than the WHO standards for the irrigation purpose. The total viable counts for all the wastewater samples exceeded the standard limit of 1.0x 102 cfu/ml. Three bacterial and four fungal species were detected from the wastewater samples. Preliminary information about microbial diversity in wastewater was attained through this work that is useful in future for wastewater treatment in reference to bioremediation.

With regard to the importance of customers in insurance industry, This research explores how relationship quality and commitment influence customer loyalty. Relationship quality consists of two aspects: satisfaction and trust. So, along with how the above mentioned variables from loyalty in a insurance industry environment, the managers of the branches of private insurance industry are given the chance to design and perform effective and proper strategies leading to customer loyalty. The statistical populations of the research are the customers of private insurance industry and the data was collected using the questionnaire and also the data has been analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the research show the positive effect of the abovementioned variables on loyalty.

In this article, we have discussed the effect of changes in acceleration of gravity on the amount of human awareness. The concentration of research is on the outcomes of the brain which effectuates the loss of consciousness when the acceleration of gravity is changed (G-LOC). G-LOC, pronounced 'GEE-lock', is the abbreviation of G-force induced Loss Of Consciousness, a term generally used in aerospace physiology to describe a loss of consciousness occurring from excessive and sustained g-forces draining blood away from the brain causing cerebral hypoxia. The condition is most likely to affect pilots of high performance fighter and aerobatic aircraft or astronauts but is possible on some extreme amusement park rides. G-LOC incidents have caused fatal accidents in high performance aircraft capable of sustaining high g for extended periods. High-G training for pilots of high performance aircraft or spacecraft often includes ground training for G-LOC in special centrifuges, with some profiles exposing pilots to 9 gs for a sustained period. Experiments carried out on people all in good condition, revealed that they underwent different sofferings, both physically and mentally, when exposed to accelerated movements.

To determine the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, etiology, treatment and clinical course of oral ulcerations and erosions in these patients in order to improvetheirtherapeutic management. A prospective study for a period of one year, including patients with oral ulcers. Wemainlystudied the circumstances of appearance of harm and the delay of consultation, Semiologicalcharacteristics of lesions, association withotherdermatological or not dermatologicalsigns, etiologicalfeatures, therapeutic and evolutionary patterns of thesediseases. 33 patients (21 women, 12 men) with oral erosions and / or ulcerswereincluded ; theirmeanage of 47.5 years. The diagnosiswas an auto-immune bullousdermatosis, in 15 cases (45.4%). Behçet'sdisease and recurrentaphthousstomatitisin 8 cases (24.2%). A drugeruptionin 7 cases and, a systemicdiseasein 3 cases (9.1%). Oral lesionswere apparent between 2 days and 20 years. The mostcommon sites were the endojugaleregion and the inner surface of the lips, eachpresent The oral healthstatuswaspoor in most patients (80.6%). Favoredtreatment of systemiccorticosteroidsin 18 patients (54.5%) including five patients withautoimmunebullousdermatosis, followed by topicalsteroidsin 17 patients (51.5%), azathioprinewasusedin 9 cases (27.3%), particularly in the PV (8/11) and colchicine has been prescribedin 5 patients (15.2%) of which 3 withBehçet'sdisease. Other comparative studies of favoringfactors to appear the oral erosions and ulcers as well as their long-termevolutionwouldbringadded value to the management of these patients.

With the conclusion of the advocacy contract, attorney and client have the right and duty to one another and they have mutual legal relations, duties and responsibilities. Obviously, the legal delimitation of the responsibilities is effective in preventing potential conflicts between the contracting parties of advocacy and, therefore, reduces the volume of court cases effectively. Attorney's obligations to the client are either directly from the legal contract, or are indirect from the agreement between the attorney and client may also have its origin in addition to the conditions and obligations under the contract, or be independent. However, it is necessary to fulfill such obligations. Obligations that are directly derived from law practice contract are due to the nature of the contract. Mere for the realization of the contract, without clear cause are the responsibility of the attorney. In this paper, the class of obligations as "the primary responsibility of the attorney to the client" will be discussed. In this paper, it will be tried to explain the importance of the primary responsibilities of the attorney to client, this issue is examined from various aspects in Iranian law and to some extends, in some countries, particularly Egypt and the UK as possible to the right as a comparative study.