Archives-December  

This study was conducted to understand the potential of medicinal herbs, Andrographis paniculata, Cissus quadrangularis and Eclipta alba on growth promotion, utilization of energy, induction in activities of digestive enzymes, concentrations biochemical constituents and non-enzymatic antioxidants of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. These herbs were incorporated with basal diets at three different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) individually and fed to the post larval (PL) of M. rosenbergii (1.83±0.50 cm; 0.14± 0.02 g) for a period of 90 days in a triplicate experimental set-up. A significantly improved survival and growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor), elevation in energy utilization, increased activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase), concentrations of biochemical constituents (total protein, carbohydrate and lipid) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin-C and vitamin-E) were recorded (P<0.05) in C. quadrangularis incorporated feed fed PL (5%>3%>1%), followed by E. alba (5%>3%>1%) and A. paniculata (3%>5%>1%) when compared with control diet (without incorporation of any herb) fed PL. Twelve polypeptide bands of molecular weight between 116-14 were recorded in the muscle of PL fed with control as well as the best concentration of each herb incorporated feeds. The intensity of 50, 48, and 46 kDa regions was found to be stained more in C. quadrangularis incorporated feed fed PL when compared with control feed as well as E. alba and A. paniculata incorporated feeds fed PL. In this study, the overall results indicated the fact that these herbs enhanced the secretion of digestive enzymes, act as appetizer, which facilitate efficient digestion, absorption of nutrients and favour general metabolism, which in turn ultimately improved the general health and produced better survival and growth of M. rosenbergii PL. Therefore, it is suggested that these herbs have the characteristic ability to promote growth in M. rosenbergii. The aquaculture potential of these herbs needs further study based on their active principles.

Knowledge management in the modern era is making dramatic changes in management issues. Knowledge management is looking to capture the knowledge, wisdom and experience with the added value of staff, and the implementation and maintenance of retrieval knowledge as an asset of the organization. The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and Organizational justice. The research method used in this study is descriptive and correlational; the population of the study comprised all Government agencies Kermanshah city in this study, a sample size of 660, which finally, 104 questionnaires were collected. The sample size calculation is using Morgan, and according to the characteristics of the population, use was stratified random sampling. The instrument used in this study includes Knowledge Management and organizational justice Questionnaire, which is paid to the data collection in this research. This analysis is based on descriptive analysis and from survey branch. Information gathering means is questionnaire, and in order to organizational justice analysis Chester and Ted (2007) 20 scores questionnaire is used and for knowledge management evaluation is the 21 questions questionnaire of Proset et al. For determining acquired data Kolmogorov -Simonov test is used and results confirm data normality. Used test in this analysis are correlation spearman test, and Friedman test and with using related test confirmed research propositions; results shows that in the aim community with improving organizational justice and knowledge management in staffs is increased too, line-regression results between organizational justice and knowledge management shows that between inter knowledge management as a independent variable and organizational justice there is linearity relationship.

An available gas fired diffusion-absorption heat pump 150 liter (5ft) refrigerator has been modified by substituting the original heat input by transferring solar thermal energy from solar collector to the generator. At the beginning, a pipe with 90cm height, filled with hot water (97oC) is used as a generator heat input but the Ammonia vapor does not generate because the temperature is low to allow Ammonia-Water mixture to boil. Therefore the Water is replaced by high boiling point fluid (liquid paraffin wax), boiling point 310°C), and the generator with pipe with 30cm height and 5cm in diameter. Then Ammonia vapor generates at fluid temperature of 140oC up to 190oC where the pipe near the condenser becomes hot. This mean that the Ammonia vapor generate up to the condenser. The flow rate required to supply heat input to generator, the solar collector receiver area and the volume of hot fluid storage required to operate the refrigerator for 24 hours has been calculated.

Major ions as well as pH and conductivity were analysed in about 52 rainwater samples collected daily from the rain station of GhanaAtomic Energy Commission for a period of April, 2009- June, 2010. Results for the major cations analyses indicate a trend of K⁺>Na⁺>Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺ and the major anions show a trend of HCO₃^->Cl^->SO₄^2->NO₃^-.The values of pH range from 4.62-8.64 and conductivity from 5.74-1274µS/cm.Contribution to the acidity of rain in this area is mostly by SO₄^2- instead of NO₃^- due to the reason that the study area lies in the Accra Plains which is a highly industrialized area. Ratios of mean annual concentrations of major ions (Cl^-, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2-) to Na⁺ in the rainwater samples were higher in comparison to   sea water. This suggests that there are other sources of these ions apart from the sea. High concentrations of most of the elements were recorded in months with smaller amounts of rainfall and so it was concluded that continuous rainfall may have washed away so many of the elements suspended in the atmosphere.

The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system. Also, this configuration allows the two sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The turbine rotor speed is the main determinant of mechanical output from DG energy and Solar cell operating voltage in the case of output power from solar energy.The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the connected load. In order to utilization distributed generation (DG) unit interfacing converters to actively compensate harmonics, this paper proposes an enhanced current control approach, which seamlessly integrates system harmonic mitigation capabilities with the primary DG power generation function. As the proposed current controller has two well- decoupled control branches to independently control fundamental and harmonic DG currents, local nonlinear load harmonic current detection and distribution system harmonic voltage detection are not necessary for the proposed harmonic compensation method. Moreover, a closed-loop power control scheme is employed to directly derive the fundamental current reference without using any phase-locked loops (PLL). The proposed power control scheme effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units. Thus, an accurate power control is realized even when the harmonic compensation functions are activated hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature in the case of solar. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the operating principle, feasibility and reliability of this proposed system.

Gnosticism has been considered among human, in order to answer human’s needs. It is necessary to learn the secrets of Gnosticism, in order to step in the intellectual way. It is in the same way that some of great men. Such as Hafiz and Molana are well known for their literary, mystical approaches which should be differentiated, at first, we compare them, we come to the fact that their Gnosticism has been less considered.

Today’s pulp and paper industry is rapidly becoming a globalized industry which belongs to the Red category that is positioning itself to deliver low-cost, high-value, fiber-based products to consumers. Employing advanced chemical- and mechanical-based technologies. pulp, paper, and tissue manufacturers have sought to provide high-quality consumer. To overcome the challenges, new synthetic nonrenewable materials have been developed that have now begun to challenge the traditional dominance paper products has had in many applications. This paper will review emerging developments of these technologies and how these new research avenues will change paper from a pass. This presentation deals the vital role of Nano technology in pulp and paper manufacturing sector.

The proximate, antinutrient, mineral and amino acid composition of ripe and unripe Blighia sapida (ackee) seed were quantified using standard analytical techniques. Fat, fibre and ash were higher in the unripe seed while protein and carbohydrate were more in the ripe seed. The protein content of the ripe and unripe Ackee seed were 11.67% and 9.63% respectively; values obtained for fat were 18.00% and 22.50%, ash 2.83 and 4.17%, fibre 9.33% and 14.33%, moisture values 9.17% and 7.00%, carbohydrate 49.00% and 41.19%. The mineral constituents (mg/kg) for sodium 12.85±0.45, phosphorus 7.14±0.32, Zinc 3.10±0.09, and potassium 16.55±0.05 were higher in the ripe ackee seed while iron 43.75±1.16, manganese 3.09±2.81, calcium 2.85±0.15 and copper 2.15±0.45 were higher in the unripe ackee seed respectively. Eighteen amino acids were found in the samples in this study; 9 essential amino acids with histidine and 9 non-essential amino acids. Glutamate, aspartate and leucine, were the most abundant amino acids in the samples. The ratios of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in the ripe and unripe ackee seeds was 0.71. The values of the common antinutrients; cyanide, phytate and oxalate were similar in both seed samples; however, trypsin inhibitory activity was higher in the unripe ackee seed. This study shows that ackee seeds can be a potential alternative source of livestock feed.

Internet is widely used in the fast growing world and there are many limitations in the network. There are two main failures that occur in the network they are wireless packet loss and congestion. The performance of SCTP in wireless network is considered as the active area. Finding the failure in the wireless network is very important and it is analysed in this paper. So in this paper the route is established by on demand routing technique in which many features like the energy of the node, location, bandwidth of the packet are analysed. So when the packets need to be send it analyses all the features and establishes the route with the efficient node that has one hop count by using the SCTP transport protocol. On transmitting the packets some energy from the node gets reduced so there is a high chance of congestion since the capacity of the node is reduced. This can be avoided by the proactive approach by reducing the traffic send by the source when the node level reaches threshold. By using the multi-homing technique in the SCTP approach the packets can be sending till the alternate route is re-established. Thus the packet loss rate and end-end delay is reduced and QOS is increased in the system.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a key contender for broadcasting standards, due to its immunity towards multipath fading and ease of implementation. Here a scheme to exploit the frequency diversity within OFDM subcarriers has been proposed which further increases the bit error rate performance. The diversity is achieved by circularly shifting the OFDM subcarrier coefficients in pseudorandom manner. Thus we notice a significant performance improvement without any additional bandwidth requirements.