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This experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki in order to evaluate productivity indices of spent lubricant oil-contaminated soil bio-remediated with organic wastes for three (2006 – 2008) cropping seasons. The field was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The spent lubricant oil was applied blanket on soil at 5 % equivalent to 50,000 mg kg-1 to all the plots to serve as source of contamination. The organic wastes were burnt rice husk dust, unburnt (fresh) rice husk dust, sawdust and control applied at 20 t ha-1 equivalent to 8 kg ha-1 and replicated five times. Modified Pierce et al. productivity index was used to compute the productivity indices. The modified productivity index entailed use of sufficiencies for bulk density, available water capacity, root weighting factor (RWF), pH and exclusion of sufficiencies for aeration and electrical conductivity. The productivity indices (PI) were highest (P1=0.31, 0.27, 0.27 and 0.27) for oil contaminated soil treated with saw dust (OS), oil contaminated soil treated with unburnt rice husk dust (OU), oil contaminated soil amended with (OS) and oil contaminated soil treated with unburnt rice husk dust (OU) amended plots in 2006, 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons, respectively. These PI were 29, 35 and 80% higher than the control for the three seasons for the respective treatments of OS, OU and OS and OU. The mean productivity indices were (x=0.19, 0.27, 0.24 and 0.27) for control, OU, OB and OS amendments, respectively. Grain yields of maize of 1.72 and 1.70 t ha-1 were obtained for PI of 0.31 and 0.30 for oil contaminated soil treated with saw dust (OS) and oil contaminated soil amended with unburnt rice husk dust (OU) amended plots, respectively. Oil contaminated soil treated with unburnt rice husk dust (OU) (x=27) and oil contaminated soil amended with saw dust (OS) (x=0.27) wastes predicted highly for spent oil contaminated soil amended with organic wastes and could be recommended for bio-remediation of such soil in Abakaliki.

The nutritional value of the reproductive (alates) and non reproductive (workers/soldiers) termites (Macrotermesbellicosus) were evaluated. The result showed that the non-reproductive termites contain moisture (6.62±0.12mg), crude ash (11.35± 0.01mg), crude fat (13.00± 0.14mg), crude protein (14.58±0.15mg), carbohydrate (462.9 ± 0.01cal)and caloric value (362.48±0,01Kcal), vitamin A (16.30±0.11mg), vitamin C(26.00± 0.13). The mineral element concentration in mg/100g in the non reproductive termites were 22.02±0.01, 14.32±0.03, 6.55±0.03, 13.64±0.02, 4.2± 0.02, 2.08 ± 0.03, 7.16±0.01, 5.35±0.02, 21.40±0.01 and 9.12 ±0.11 for Ca, Mg, Na, K, P,Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and I2 respectively. The antinutrients content in the non- reproductive termite were HCN; 1.93±0.01mg, phytate; 2.80±0.02mg, Tannins; 2.50±0.03mg, Alkaloids; 1.58±0.02mg and; Saponins; 0.20±0.02mg. Comparatively, the results of this study, show that the reproductive termites contain lesser concentration of toxicants but higher proximate, vitamins and mineral compositions than the non reproductive termites. Hence the reproductive termite (alates) has a higher nutritional value than the non reproductive (soldiers/workers) termites.

Table of contents for the month of September 2014

We are very happy to announce that from 20th December 2014, Mr. Vishal Bharti has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science and Engineering. Mr. Vishal Bharti currently working as Head of Department, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, India. The appointment of Mr. Vishal Bharti as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 26th March 2014, Mr.M.Daniel Rajkumar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Management Accounting and Financial Management. Mr.M.Daniel Rajkumar is currently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Business Administration, SRM School of Management Studies, SRM University, Chennai. The appointment of Mr.M.Daniel Rajkumar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 4th August 2014, Mr.Vahid Khosravi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Finance. Mr.Vahid Khosravi currently working as Department of Accounting, Attar institutions of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran. The appointment of Mr.Vahid Khosravi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 14th May 2014, Ms. Marwa Abdul Muhsien Hassan AL-Janabi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Semiconductors Science, Gas Sensors and Piezosensors Application. Ms. Marwa Abdul Muhsien Hassan AL-Janabi is currently working as Department of Physics, Al -Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, USA. The appointment of Ms. Marwa Abdul Muhsien Hassan AL-Janabi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. 

The concepts of cultural investment and lifestyle are subjected to one of the most common attitude in the recent decades. The cultural investment is the collection of the knowledge and advantages which individuals apply and preserve it to reach to their social situation; and also, the lifestyle is subjected to the collection of approaches, values and behavior patterns; in most cases, the elements of a life are gathered along together forming numbers of people; thus, the lifestyle can be defined as the social classes and groups which people follow these behavior, beliefs, norms and social values and patterns emerging particular establishment of cultural/ educational symbols possessed to themselves as their social class. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of cultural investment on the lifestyle; the study is carried out as a scale-based approach. The required data were selected and gathered by a questionnaire from a 260 people sample of secondary school students in Markazi province; in addition, the study was taken up as a multi-step cluster sample. In the study, the theories of Anthony Giddens and Bourdieu were used to assess and measure the cultural investment and lifestyle. According to the indices like body management and consumptive norms forming lifestyle and going to movie, listening to the music, reading a book, going to the concert, visiting museum and photo gallery forming the cultural investment. Due to the main aim of the present study, the evaluation of cultural investment and lifestyle were strongly emphasized and the finding indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between respondents cultural investment with each dimensions of their lifestyle.

During centuries many scholars and professionals in translation have suggested many theories in general sense and the best approach was always a controversial issue. In this paper, an attempt has been made to define theory in scientific sense which is totally different from its general sense. It shows that based on lack of necessary features of scientific theory, there is no translation theory and what exist are just different approaches and models to translation. Then approaches based on different insights such as philological, linguistic and sociosemiotic insights will be studied.

The present study was conducted to determine the count of the number of adipocytes subcutaneous and intra-abdominal compartments and association with cardiometabolic diseases. Cross sectional study. March 2012 to April 2013 at the Departments of Anatomy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. A sample of 80 subjects was selected through non-probability purposive sampling including obese and non obese female undergoing elective cesarean section. Adipose tissue from subcutaneous and intra-abdominal sites was obtained during surgery. Tissue sections of 4? thickness were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Counting of the number of adipocytes per unit area was carried out through ocular grid. The data was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A p-value of ? 0.05 was taken statistically significant. The number of adipocytes in obese and non-obese from subcutaneous and intra-abdominal compartments showed significant differences. (p?0.01). An increased number of adipocytes were observed in intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAT) from abdomen of obese compared to non-obese and subcutaneous compartment (p=0.0001). Significant differences were observed in obese and non-obese for the diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia. (p<0.01). An increased number of adipocytes were observed in intra-abdominal adipose tissue and was associated with cardiometabolic diseases.