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In order to evaluate induction of tolerance to salt stress CP73-21 sugarcane commercial cultivar in tissue culture conditions an experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 year, in tissue culture laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. 6 treatments for callus induction (2,4-D at levels: 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 mg/l) were investigated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The highest callus value (67.5%) was obtained from treated with 3 mg/l. The effect of different levels of salinity 0, 33, 66, 99 and 132 mM were investigated to tolerance of callus in completely randomized design. After 8 weeks, the callus value reduction by 33, 66, 99 and 132 treatments in compare to control were obtained 31, 33, 22 and 26%, respectively.

Purpose- The primary aim of this research paper is to explore buyer-supplier relationships within telecom sector. Approach- To address the primary aim, both qualitative and quantitative approaches was utilized. A list of antecedents was prepared as discussed with telecom purchasing professionals who complemented with the schedule of enquiry for recording the impact of emphasis on these antecedents on the relationship between the buyer and suppliers of different categories from buyers’ perspective. Findings- The results of this research indicate that there are significant differences in the way relationship is maintained by the buyer with different suppliers thus making the buyer supplier management not a general but a specific and situational issue. Practical Implications- This research is of practical use to many organizations attempting to develop relationship orientation with their suppliers according to the importance in terms of profitability and options available of supply. Value- Not much has been written about the buyer supplier relationship in the Indian context and as such this paper provides an insight into various factors relating to management of relationship by the telecom buyers with different suppliers.

Cases of examination cheating have been reported in Masaba South District and its environs over the years. This study purposed to establish the reasons why students cheat in secondary school examinations in Masaba South District of Kisii County. The study sought to determine whether competition, poor preparation, poor invigilation, inadequate facilities, ineffective teaching and anxiety had any influence on student cheating in secondary school examinations. The study too investigated the methods used by students to cheat in school examinations and how the vice could be curbed. The research adopted an explanatory approach of descriptive survey research design. The sample size consisted of 449 students, and head teachers from 6 purposively selected schools of Masaba South District. The Head teachers’ and students’ questionnaires were used to collect data in the study. The items in the questionnaires were tested for content validity and reliability by means of a pilot study in one of the schools that was not included in the sample. The data was analyzed using statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the study revealed that the major factors influencing examination cheating include: examination anxiety, lack of facilities, stiff competition, poor preparations, and inadequate invigilation of the examinations. The study recommended that there is need for thorough guidance and counselling and adequate preparation of students for examinations.

The study aims at establishing and analyzing the factors influencing growth of microenterprises in Mombasa. The data to be utilized in this research will be directly obtained from entrepreneurs in various business ventures in the economy handling both farm and non-farm activities and other services such as transport. The study will establish how level of education, technology, government legislations and credit accessibility affects the growth of micro enterprises. Most micro enterprises are unable to access credit facilities due to lack of adequate assets to offer as security which serves as a commitment to firms for repayment. It also provides assurance to lenders that the loan will be repaid and if the firm fails, the assets will be sold to recover the loan. Education level of an entrepreneur will also be identified as another influential factor in the growth of micro enterprises. Educated entrepreneurs are identified as less constrained in accessing loan facilities because of acquired knowledge and skills in successful management and effective business proposal writing. The study will also establish how the technology of an enterprise affect its growth. Firms with high level of technologya long time of existence, have a well established financial base hence are regarded as creditworthy by many formal and informal financial institutions. To achieve the objectives of the study, descriptive research design will be used. The study will be carried out in Mombasa County, targeting 1200 microenterprises. A proportionate sample of 120 will be selected using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaires and interviews will be used for primary data collection. Data collected will be analyzed using tables, pie charts and graphs with the help of SPSS computer package. Conclusions and recommendations will be made and drawn from the findings.

The present study aims to determine the relationships between fathers’ parenting styles and locus of control, and the role of number of children in the family as a moderator. Sample consisted of 382 school-going adolescents with an average age of 14 years. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for the participants at their selected schools. Results demonstrated that adolescents with higher internal locus of control perceived their fathers at higher levels of authoritative parenting. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the influence of the fathers’ parenting style on the adolescents’ locus of control was stable across number of children. Regardless of family size, fathers’ contribution in child development is fundamental. Findings from the study call attention to policy makers to take into consideration the ‘father factor’ in formulating policies related to child and family well-being.

India is acknowledged as the biggest retail market in the world next to China. The sector is the largest source of employment after agriculture. Nearly 40 million people employed in retail sector which accounts for 8% of the total employment and 4% of the entire population. According to the A.T. Kearney Global Retail Development Index (2011), Indian retail sector accounts for 22 percent of the country’s GDP. Total retail market in India which stood at Rs. 20,00,000 Crores in 2009-10 which increased to Rs.23,50,000 crores in 2010-11 which is estimated to attain Rs.28,65,000 Crores by 2012-13. An ASSOCHAM report states that India's overall retail sector is expected to rise to Rs.41,65,000 by 2013 and to Rs.USD 1.3 trillion by 2018, at a compounded annual growth rate of 10% driven by the emergence of shopping centers and malls. India’s organized retail market was estimated to be Rs.96500 Crores in 2008 accounts for around 5 percent of the total retail market, which increased to Rs.1,50,000 crores in 2011 accounting for 6-7 per cent of total retail. Organized Retail has been growing at an impressive rate of 35 to 40 percent per year compared to 9 to10 percent growth in the overall retail industry. The business in the organized retail sector of India is expected to reach the level of $100 billion by the year 2015. In India 98 percent of business is being run by the unorganized retailers. Recently, the government of India has permitted a FDI in multi-brand retailing which has triggered a debate on whether India should allow entry of foreign retailers or not. In the light of this development, a study has been conducted to find out the challenges and opportunities of allowing FDI in multi-brand retailing. It is observed that multi-brand retailing will have positive as well negative impact on Indian economy, Indian retail sector, customers, farmers and society. It is also found that there are several challenges before foreign players which are needed to be addressed by them before entering into India.

The study aimed to examine financial factors affecting lending portfolio in commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of this study were: to determine the effects of interest rates on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya; to establish the effect of deposit mobilization on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya; to assess the effect of collateral on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya; and finally determine the effect of loan repayment on the lending portfolio of commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on Liquidity Preference Theory (LPT), Loanable Funds Theory and The Theory of Interest. The study used a cross sectional survey research design administered through questionnaires. The heads of credit related departments who are concerned with policies implementation in 43 commercial banks in Kenya formed the target population. The sample population of the study was 64 respondents. The mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression were the main statistical analysis used. It was found that interest rate had a negative correlation with lending portfolio. Deposit mobilization, which is the source of funds for the banks, had a positive effect on the lending portfolio. Emphasis on collateral requirements had a negative effect on amount of loans but increased the quality of the loans lent out (low risk of default). Finally it was found that loan repayment policies had a positive significant effect on the lending portfolio. It was concluded that unfavourable (high) interest rate reduces lending portfolio. Effective deposit mobilization strategies increases lending portfolio. Loan repayment policies increase the lending portfolio. Finally, collateral requirement increased the chance of loan repayment thus increasing the quality of lending portfolio. Consequently it was recommended that the stakeholders, especially the government to implement economic strategies that spars economic growth. The economic growth as multiplier effect in that it does not only empowers the citizens financially, it also reduces the interest rate of bank loans. There should be effective assessment mechanisms of potential borrowers so as to have appropriate collateral requirement for an individual borrower. Finally it was recommended that a complementary study that examines the causes of non-repayment in commercial banks will be ideal. This study also proposed another study be carried out that investigates the direct role of lending portfolio on bank’s financial performance.

To catalogue the medicinal plant wealth of Karian Shola MPCA, Coimbatore District of Tamilnadu, Southern India and to categorize the RET status and their need for conservation along with the Ethnobotanical knowledge of the medicinal plants. Field trips were made to collect the medicinal plants from Karian Shola MPCA, Anamalais, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu during January 1994 to December 1995. A total of 300 species of angiosperms, of which 6 are additions to the Flora of Tamilnadu, 50 endemic plants, 15 Red listed taxa, 20 highly traded medicinal plants and 27 ethno-medicinal Plants were documented from the study area. The study emphasized the need for in situ conservation along with the wild plants used by the Malasars and Kadars were also provided.

Metoprolol tartrate is effective ?-blocker which is having antianginal properties and used in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Oral bioavailability of metoprolol tartrate is around 40%. In present work an attempt has been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of metoprolol tartrate to enhance the dissolution rate. Sublimation method . The values of pre-compression parameters evaluated were within prescribed limits and indicated good free flowing property. In all the formulations, friability is less than 1%, indicated that tablets had a good mechanical resistance. Drug content was found to be in the range of 98 to 102%, which is within acceptable limits. In sublimation method, camphor is used as subliming agent. All the tablets of metoprolol tartrate were subjected to weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro dispersion, drug polymer interaction, drug content uniformity, and in vitro drug release The drug release from tablets of metoprolol tartrate prepared by sublimation methods were found to be S1 showed 98.20% drug release within 10 minute. It is concluded that Metoprolol Tartrate mouth dissolving tablets could be prepared using sublimation technique with improved bioavailability and rapid onset of action.

The optimal design of transmission system expansion planning is an important part of the overall planning task of electric power system. One of main keys of the successful grid expansion planning comes from optimal reliability level/criteria decision, which should be given for constraint in the optimal expansion problem. However, it’s very difficult to decide logically the optimal reliability criteria of a transmission system as well as generation system expansion planning in a society. The technique proposed in this paper is a “novel but classic” technique. We classify the transmission planning into three dimensions including Line Loading Index (LI), Voltage Profile Index (PI), and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) Index with detailed definitions. Transmission Expansion Index (TEI) is the main focus of this paper and can be used as an important criterion for decision making and transmission planning in the planning horizon. The 6 bus system case study results demonstrate that the proposed method is practical for solving the power system expansion planning problem.