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This paper proposes a new Tabu Search Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony (TSEABC) algorithm that integrates the concepts of Tabu Search (TS) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) techniques. The proposed algorithm is applied to solve Economic Load Dispatch(ELD) problems considering of prohibited operating zones and ramp rate limits of thermal units, capacity limits and power balance constraints. In the proposed TSEABC algorithm, the best attributes of both TS and ABC are utilized, and it is capable of finding the better optimal solution for the combinatorial optimization problems. For validating the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on the standard three, six and fifteen unit test systems. The comparison of results show that the proposed TSEABC algorithm is well suitable for solving non-linear economic dispatch problems, and it is doing better than the EP, PSO and other modern metaheuristic optimization methods reported in the recent literatures.

The study was conducted to examine secondary school teachers’ perception of personnel management functions and their job performance in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The study utilised two objective, research questions and hypotheses and the ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised all public secondary school teachers in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State. Data obtained from the Ministry of Education, Calabar which stood at 15, 972 and a sample of 529 teachers were used and the study with stratified random sampling technique a well validated researcher’s developed instrument titled School Teachers’ Perception of Personnel Management Functions and their Job Performance Questionnaire (STPPMFJPQ) was adopted for data collection. The instrument was scrutinized for correction by expert validation the Department of Educational Foundations and Administration, and two from Measurement and Evaluation, all from the Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. The face validity was also determined using the split half reliability method to determine the internal consistency which ranged from .76 to .84 accordingly and the data was analysed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistical analysis (One-Way Analysis of Variance). The major findings revealed that there is a significant influence of staff recruitment on secondary school teachers’ job performance. Also, staff development programmes do significantly influence secondary school teachers’ job performance. It was recommended among others that the government should endeavor to recruit competent teachers in schools, so as to promote quality and standard in the teaching profession this will further enhanced teachers’ job performance in Ikom Education Zone.

Teaching is a noble concept, and it is highly respected in the society. It is a social process that is basically derived from philosophy despite the fact that Philosophy is always confused with a farfetched idea or a metaphysical conceit, however, it is very simple to understand. There is no denying the fact that it is not every body’s cup of tea. Yet everyone has a specific philosophy that determines his course of action in life. In other words, every human being has a philosophy which he has and tries to live with. Teachers are supposed to do some noble work in order to bring societal change to deal with the modern need of the fast changing time. It will simply not be possible unless they possess some noble thoughts. These ides or thoughts are nothing but their philosophy. Philosophy of life can further be categorized into sub philosophies. Philosophy of teaching is one of them. In educational system, many educational philosophers are taught, and each future teacher or practicing teacher has a liking for a particular philosopher or educationist. In sum, philosophy of teaching determines every activity or action of a teacher starting from objectives, discipline, teaching style, management, curriculum, evaluation etc. Teaching of English is perhaps more important than any other subject because it plays the role of international communication, global business, medium of instruction, examination and language of science-technology and medicine. Therefore, the teachers of English language must have social values and incorporate philosophical considerations while teaching the target learners.

This paper investigates the efficacy of Newmark’s semantic and communicative translation methods in teaching vocabulary to elementary Iranian EFL learners. To do so, based on the true experimental method, a pretest posttest procedure was administered. Analysis of the results in the posttest revealed significant differences between communicative group and semantic group, on the one hand, and between these groups and the control group, on the other hand. The results showed that though both communicative and semantic translation methods enhanced vocabulary development of the learners, communicative translation method seemed to be more effective than the semantic one. That is, communicative group outperformed the other two groups significantly. Hence, it was concluded that the contribution of communicative translation method in teaching vocabulary items to elementary Iranian EFL students led to a higher level of vocabulary improvement. The study can also be helpful in establishment of Persian equivalents in teaching vocabulary in EFL settings.

Cerebral palsy (CP) in children is a seriously disabling disease which is a threat to children's health and causes enormous emotional stress and financial loss to the affected families and the community. This study aimed to explore the association of IL-18 gene polymorphism with cerebral palsy by IL-18 genotyping. This was a case-control study that used DNA from 120 children with cerebral palsy and 120 control children to test polymorphisms in exon-4 and exon-5 of IL-18 gene. A polymorphic site in exon-4of IL-18 gene,A105C, was significantly different in genotype distribution between case group and control group. Compared with type AC+CC individuals, type AA individuals were associated with lower risk for cerebral palsy. There was no significant difference in the possible polymorphic site in exon-5of IL-18 gene, G276A, between the two groups. Presence of polymorphism in IL-18 gene is associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy.

The levels of crude fat, fatty acids, phospholipids and phytosterols were determined in the unfermented and fermented samples of African locust bean seeds using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed crude fat varied from 16.9-19.5 g/100 g; SFA varied from 45.6 down to 42.1 % of total fatty acids, total unsaturated fatty acids varied from 54.4-57.9 %, PUFA range was 31.8 down to 31.0 % and PUFA/SFA ranged from 0.698-0.735. Both samples had high levels of n-6 fatty acids but low in n-3 fatty acids. In the phospholipids, lecithin was highest in the two samples with values ranging from 95.5-107 mg/100 g (46.1-51.4 %). The phytosterol values in the unfermented seeds ranged from 0.00-138 mg/100 g and in fermented seeds the range was 0.00-144 mg/100 g with sitosterol predominating in both samples. Whilst 100 g unfermented seeds would provide 13.5 g fatty acids, 100 g fermented seeds would provide 15.6 g fatty acids. The correlation coefficient was not significantly different in the fatty acids and phospholipids but significantly different in the phytosterols at r _{= 0.05}.

Meritocracy values undergrid the ideology of democracy and identifies the core belief that a) individuals can succeed on the basis of their autonomous decisions and actions; b) this success is based upon moral virtue; and c) equal opportunity applies to everyone regardless of origin or social identity. Meritocracy is generally held to be a social system within which individuals earn rewards according to their abilities and efforts.

The primary purpose of the present investigation is to examine the role of involvement and employment in the perception of stress and coping abilities of married women. The study involves 2 (working versus non-working) x 2 (involved versus less-involved) factorial design. Non-working women are categorized into involved and less-involved subgroups on the basis of the median split of their scores on family involvement. Working women are categorized into similar subgroups on the basis of the median split of their combined scores on family involvement and work involvement. The participants of all the four groups are compared with respect to their perception of stress and coping abilities . The result indicated that involved women perceived less stress and indicated more coping abilities in personal, family and finance related matters and also in overall stressful encounters. The finding also revealed that working women perceived more stress in personal and family related events where as non-working women perceived more stress in finance related events. The overall level of stress experienced by working women is also higher than that of the non-working women.

Organization is a relatively young science in comparison with the other scientific disciplines. (Ivanko, 2013) Accounts of the growth of organizational theory usually start with Taylor and Weber, but, as Scott (1987) mentions, organizations were present in the old civilizations which goes back to Sumerians (5000, BC) and which experiences its maturation phase with Taylor, Fayol and Weber, continuing to come up to present with modern management methods and principles. The modern organization may be the most crucial innovation of the past 100 years and it is a theory which will never complete its evolution as the human being continues to exist. Understanding how organizations work has been the focus of scientists and scholars until the early part of the 20th century. Just as organizations have evolved, so to have the theories explaining them. These theories can be divided into 9 different “schools” of thought (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2005): Classical Organization Theory, Neoclassical Organization Theory, Human Resource Theory, or the Organizational Behavior Perspective, Modern Structural Organization Theory, Organizational Economics Theory, Power and Politics Organization Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Reform Though Changes in Organizational Culture and Theories of Organizations and Environments. This introductory paper will concentrate on the theories of organizations and environments and is divided as follows: The introduction talks about the developments of the organization and organization theory from its early stages with detailed definitions. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. At further section, by looking at the perspectives of the 9 pioneering people (Katz & Kahn, Thompson, Meyer & Rowan, Pfeffer & Salancik and Carroll & Hannan) main principles of the classical organization theory are presented one by one. Section 4 mentions strengths and weaknesses of the classical organizational theory and section 5 discusses and concludes the paper.

As the software undergoes changes, new test cases are added to the existing one.In this way test suite size grows. Test suites should be maintained through out. The Test-Suite Minimization technique aims at reducing the test suite using various techniques such as genetic algorithm, test case prioritization & selection technique based on some of the coverage criteria. This technique should let testers to compute an optimal minimal test suite that satisfies those criteria keeping an eye to maximize coverage and fault detection capability with minimal running time and setup cost.