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Today’s pulp and paper industry is rapidly becoming a globalized industry which belongs to the Red category that is positioning itself to deliver low-cost, high-value, fiber-based products to consumers. Employing advanced chemical- and mechanical-based technologies. pulp, paper, and tissue manufacturers have sought to provide high-quality consumer. To overcome the challenges, new synthetic nonrenewable materials have been developed that have now begun to challenge the traditional dominance paper products has had in many applications. This paper will review emerging developments of these technologies and how these new research avenues will change paper from a pass. This presentation deals the vital role of Nano technology in pulp and paper manufacturing sector.

The proximate, antinutrient, mineral and amino acid composition of ripe and unripe Blighia sapida (ackee) seed were quantified using standard analytical techniques. Fat, fibre and ash were higher in the unripe seed while protein and carbohydrate were more in the ripe seed. The protein content of the ripe and unripe Ackee seed were 11.67% and 9.63% respectively; values obtained for fat were 18.00% and 22.50%, ash 2.83 and 4.17%, fibre 9.33% and 14.33%, moisture values 9.17% and 7.00%, carbohydrate 49.00% and 41.19%. The mineral constituents (mg/kg) for sodium 12.85±0.45, phosphorus 7.14±0.32, Zinc 3.10±0.09, and potassium 16.55±0.05 were higher in the ripe ackee seed while iron 43.75±1.16, manganese 3.09±2.81, calcium 2.85±0.15 and copper 2.15±0.45 were higher in the unripe ackee seed respectively. Eighteen amino acids were found in the samples in this study; 9 essential amino acids with histidine and 9 non-essential amino acids. Glutamate, aspartate and leucine, were the most abundant amino acids in the samples. The ratios of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in the ripe and unripe ackee seeds was 0.71. The values of the common antinutrients; cyanide, phytate and oxalate were similar in both seed samples; however, trypsin inhibitory activity was higher in the unripe ackee seed. This study shows that ackee seeds can be a potential alternative source of livestock feed.

Internet is widely used in the fast growing world and there are many limitations in the network. There are two main failures that occur in the network they are wireless packet loss and congestion. The performance of SCTP in wireless network is considered as the active area. Finding the failure in the wireless network is very important and it is analysed in this paper. So in this paper the route is established by on demand routing technique in which many features like the energy of the node, location, bandwidth of the packet are analysed. So when the packets need to be send it analyses all the features and establishes the route with the efficient node that has one hop count by using the SCTP transport protocol. On transmitting the packets some energy from the node gets reduced so there is a high chance of congestion since the capacity of the node is reduced. This can be avoided by the proactive approach by reducing the traffic send by the source when the node level reaches threshold. By using the multi-homing technique in the SCTP approach the packets can be sending till the alternate route is re-established. Thus the packet loss rate and end-end delay is reduced and QOS is increased in the system.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a key contender for broadcasting standards, due to its immunity towards multipath fading and ease of implementation. Here a scheme to exploit the frequency diversity within OFDM subcarriers has been proposed which further increases the bit error rate performance. The diversity is achieved by circularly shifting the OFDM subcarrier coefficients in pseudorandom manner. Thus we notice a significant performance improvement without any additional bandwidth requirements.

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extracts of various plant parts of Phyllanthus niruri was investigated. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 6 to 16 mm. All the extracts exhibited appreciable activity against all the clinically important bacterial and fungal species clinically investigated. Maximum Inhibition zone (16mm) was observed in seeds against Staphylococcus aureus and minimum in roots (5mm) against E. coli. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids and flavonoids in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was compared with the standard drugs. The ability of the crude extracts of P. niruri plant parts to inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi showed its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential, which may be employed in the management of microbial infections.

This applied research deals with not only the preparation and characterization of nano-structured solar fins but also the evaluation of efficiency of solar collector integrated with the nano-structured fins. In this connection, fins in standard sizes were procured and the nano-structured coating with the composition of carbon and aluminium oxide was deposited on them. The coatings on fins were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the fins were subjected to thermal analysis. The coated fins were integrated in a solar collector and thermal performances of the collector were experimentally found for a set of inlet temperatures of working fluid. The overall thermal performance of the collector was calculated through a graph that was generated as per standard specifications. It was found that the sizes of the grains in the coating were in nano range with orthorhombic structure. It was also found that the temperature enhancement on the solar fins with carbon and aluminium coating of 75:25 compositions in stagnant conditions had the maximum value 109.1?. While the maximum instantaneous thermal performance was found to be 73%, the overall thermal performance of the solar collector was found to be 70%. On the basis of the generated results in the present investigation, it could be concluded that nano-carbon and aluminium oxide coated fins would be used in solar collectors so as to reap enhanced thermal performances.

Rumeli Fortress has a unique place in the history of world with Its properties. This study gives information about the castle and Fatih period, explains the aspects of the castle which is thought to be important and mentions the gradually ruined or transformed parts. Essential actions to do about these parts which have become ruin and restored without being loyal to Its origins is presented. It is discussed to preserve the ruined castle originally.

Drastic change is required in the Teacher Education in view of the ongoing changes in the social, cultural, economical and political environment so that teacher could come in terms with the changing needs of contemporary Indian society. Society and education stands in a relation of reciprocal cause and effect. The character of a given society determines the character of its educational system and this system in turn, determines the character of the society. In the absence of the clarity of vision about the contemporary social environment, Teacher Education fails to secularize the behavior of the society with social enlightment. This article purports to highlight the need to improve the quality of Teacher Education. A teacher needs to be a learner for the whole life. Besides, the problems faced in the field and suggestions to rectify them have been discussed here.

The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) diode laser on the fracture healing in the distal third of radius in dogs, 18 male adult street dogs were used, and Transverse fracture induced in the distal third of the radius under general anesthesia using the combination of ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/Kg.B.W) and xylazine (5 mg/Kg.B.W), then fixed by (Gypson), with window to facilitate direct irradiation of the laser therapy. The animals were divided into two equal groups each contain 9 dogs. Control group left without laser irradiation, treated groups which received daily single dose of LLLT (850 nm, for 5 minutes at 72 hours interval for 14th days). The radiological findings were represents early new bone formation in the treated group at end of the 1st wk, compare with the control group. This new bone formation became more dense in the end of the 3rd wk in the treated group with slightly disappear of the fracture line and signs of bridge formation at the fracture sites ,compare with the control group which appear slight new bone formation in the same period. At the end of the 6th wk complete radiological union in the treated group, while in the control group at the same period the fracture line still visible with no radiological union. The conclusion is the LLLT accelerated fracture healing in the distal third of radius in dogs.

A Biosimilar medicine is a medicine which is similar to a biological medicine that has already been authorised (the ‘biological reference medicine’). The expiration of the patents on many biological products has prompted the development of these products as similar biological products. The European Medicinal Agency (EMEA) has done a commendable job at creating the regulatory path to facilitate approval of biosimilars. The Medicines Act requires all medicinal products sold in Singapore and manufactured locally for export to be licensed with the Health Products Regulation Group, Health Science Authority (HAS). Guidance on registration of similar biological products in Singapore was published by the HSA in August 2009. This was added as Appendix 17 to the ‘Guidance on Medicinal Product Registration in Singapore’ in April 2011. Bio similar products are eligible for the (New Drug Application) NDA-2 and NDA-3 application types. The Biosimilar product should be evaluated and approved by at least one of HAS’s reference agencies namely Australia, Health Canada, Europe, United States. Approved biosimilars must be demonstrated, through extensive characterization and appropriate clinical trials, to be as safe and effective as originators for the benefit of patients.