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Anorectal malformations (ARM) comprises, a wide spectrum of diseases, which can affect girls and boys, and involve the rectum and distal anus as well as the genital and urinary tracts. ARM occurs in around 1 in 5000 live births. Defects range varies from the very minor or “low” which are easily treated with an excellent functional prognosis, to those that are difficult to manage, complex, are often associated with other anomalies known as “high”, and have a poor functional prognosis. The surgical approach to repairing these defects changed intensely in 1980 with the introduction of the posterior sagittal approach, Better imaging techniques, and a improved knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the pelvic structures at the time of birth.

Transposition of the great vessels is a type of congenital heart defect involving an abnormal arrangement of any of the great vessels such as the superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries and aorta. Congenital heart diseases concerning the primary arteries are further divided into sub-group called transposition of great arteries. There are different forms of anomalies like Dextro-transposition, Levo-transposition and Dextrocardia. It was first announced about two centuries ago, but the treatment became effective from the mid 21st century. Today the survival rate for infants is greater than 90%.

A single feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. L & H slits are introduced on the edge of the patch to study the effect of the slit on radiation behavior with respect to a conventional microstrip patch. The resonant frequencies are obtained at 2.21, 2.4, 4.36 & 6.41 GHz with corresponding bandwidth 15.18 MHz, 11.85 MHz, 15.14 MHz, 78.91 MHz and return loss of about -23.62, -13.58, -11.46 & -15.65 dB respectively. The antenna has been reduced by 61% when compared to a conventional rectangular microstrip patch. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MoM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D.

This study aims to analyze and compare errors made by students when using simple tenses in essay writing. The comparison was made after 6 months. The respondents of the study consisted of secondary school students from the Alpha and Beta classes and UiTM Kelantan groups which consisted of first and third diploma students from three different programmes. All respondents were asked to write an essay twice, with 6-month gap based on the same writing stimulus. In total, there were 107 essays written by respondents in each writing session, giving a grand total of 214 essays being analyzed. The results indicated an increase in errors amounting to 4.47% among students in the Alpha group but there is a reduction of 13.76% among the Beta group which was the weaker group. As for UiTM students, Diploma in Banking students showed an increase in the amount of errors by 8.2%. On contrary, Diploma in Business and Diploma in Information Management students showed a decrease in the amount by 23.79% and 3.4 %, respectively. The results of the study also indicated that there were some similarities in the types of errors made by the students.

The issue of copyright infringement spans across different sectors of the economy: ranging from the film industry, music, literary, as well as academics (plagiarism); just to mention but few. Software industry is another sector that is plagued with the menace of the software piracy. The practice started date back to late 1970s, and has eaten deep into the industry. The losses recorded by the software developers and the benefits users are been deprived of, prompted many researcher to suggest different measures (legal, physical and technical) to controlling this illegality. Employing means of battling this unscrupulous act has two-edged benefits. On the side of the developers, their intellectual properties are guarded, and the gains of their labours are not been reap by another. For the users, the originality of the product is assured and the users can benefits from regular update and maintenance routines. In this paper, our focus is on the technological control of this ‘unwanted stranger’. Previous models were studied and adequately examined. The existing serial key and image splitting models were adopted to form a hybrid model type. The outcome of our design, testing and implementation, shows a reduction in the level of possible access by pirates or unauthorised users.

Despite all the "talk" of lean production, it is obvious that many manufacturers have yet to grasp the full benefits of this philosophy, the strong weapon what Japanese used it to overcome American (and the other strong economies) giant organizations. So many organizations like to know their organization how far from lean standard benchmark system, and fill these gaps. The main goal of this research that is a competitive benchmarking, is introduction a simple mathematical model to shows positions of an Iranian automaker relative to Toyota, and helps them to calculate the size of their gaps between them and lean benchmark (Toyota).

This paper proposes a novel approach for optimal allocation of a distributed generator in a radial distribution feeder for tail end node voltage improvement and loss minimization during peak load. A multi objective optimization method is proposed to determine optimal allocation of a distributed generation (DG) unit in a radial distribution feeder. The DG allocation problem has been formulated as multi objective function which includes two objectives: viz Power Loss Reduction and Tail End Node Voltage Improvement with associated weights. The proposed methodology uses Genetic Algorithm to optimize the multi objective function. This method is tested on standard IEEE 33 bus and 69 bus radial distribution systems using MATLAB 8.0. The results show that the proposed method yields considerable tail end node voltage improvement along with significant reduction in line losses during peak load.

In this paper, we propose a novel joint data-hiding and compression scheme for digital images using side match vector quantization (SMVQ) and image inpainting. The two functions of data hiding and image compression can be integrated into one single module seamlessly. On the sender side, except for the blocks in the leftmost and topmost of the image, each of the other residual blocks in raster-scanning order can be embedded with secret data and compressed simultaneously by SMVQ or image inpainting adaptively according to the current embedding bit. Vector quantization is also utilized for some complex blocks to control the visual distortion and error diffusion caused by the progressive compression. After segmenting the image compressed codes into a series of sections by the indicator bits, the receiver can achieve the extraction of secret bits and image decompression successfully according to the index values in the segmented sections. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

The purpose of this paper is to examine intercultural communication literature to serve a path to scholars of business and intercultural communication. There are several studies on intercultural communication competence, as well as cross-cultural problem solving, yet it is not adequately acknowledged in business studies. For the purpose, the literature was investigated to ascertain different approaches on the topic. The paper includes a review on the literature. It is supported that, utilizing quantitative methods of intercultural competence with business constructs would improve both fields. Also it is stressed that such intercultural studies have a promising future for business in a multi-cultural era, international businesses and conceptual clarification of intercultural studies.

The present Study Discuss Labour Absorption in Agriculture, employment generation is one of the major objective of the developed and developing countries. Labour is one of the important factors of production in Indian economy, particularly in rural economy, rural industries and small scale industries. As India is a country of villages, three fourth of Indian population is living in rural Indian and two, third of this population directly or indirectly depends on the agricultural sector for live Livelihood (Planning Commission 1990). In India the number of person employed in industry, relatively to agriculture is small consequently large portion of the labour force will continue to obtain their sustenance from farm and farm related occupations. At least during next two or three decades, the agricultural sector must provide employment opportunities in rural areas. The studies conducted in the past have broadly concluded that technological progress based on seed, fertilizer and irrigation is generally labour-using in nature whereas mechanization via tractors, pump sets, harvesters and threshers is usually labour –saving in nature. However, usually these two aspects of the technological progress are complementary in nature and as such there is no consensus regarding the total effect of technological progress on labour absorption. In this context, both dry land and wet land technologies have been considered to assess labour absorption in Salem District, Tamilnadu.