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Islamic architecture, like an old tree, has its roots in the land of Saudi Arabia where the first mosque was built. After that it has branched out in the neighboring countries like Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran, India, etc. There for Islamic art and architecture has been flourished and flowered in other mentioned countries and have experimented during various schools of thought such as Seljuks ,Safavid , Ottomans, and Indo Islamic of India. Architects and artists of various nations throughout the process of developing their art and architecture have created various significant monuments such as Jame Masjed of Isfahan in Iran, Soltan Ahmed mosque of Istanbul in turkey and Delhi’s Jame masjed and Taj Mahal in Agra which shall be discussed in this paper. Taj Mahal is the most famous building which was designed by an Iranian architect. In this paper, In general, the impact of Seljuks and Safavid art and architecture on Indian Architecture shall be described.

During the recent years, the efficiency factor has been focused by many institutions, organizations and companies as one of the key factors affecting on the manufacture; and therefore, manpower efficiency has been taken into much consideration as one of the components of whole efficiency. The improvement of efficiency, as a principle for developing the industry and consequently for increasing the employment level and the effect on many enormous variables, has found the special position in the economic literature and the improvement of efficiency as one of the best and the most suitable ways is considered for improving the situation of that unit and establishing and guaranteeing the profitability continuation of the company. This Article follows the examination of effective factors on manpower efficiency of vehicle-manufacturing companies and the rate of their effectiveness. Based on the arisen results, the manufacture variables, the rate of capital, salary, wages, bonuses and exports have the direct meaningful effect on manpower efficiency and the performed investment for development, researches and management changes arisen from the privatization have the negative relationship in proportion to the manpower efficiency.

Undoubtedly, addiction has long been with different societies in different forms, and they [societies] have constantly been under its harmful effects. What appears so important is the manner of dealing with and the way of solving the problem which has always been under hot and chaotic arguments. Needles to say that no society desires to dissipate and/or extirpate its active, social, and economic human resources and precious institutions such as ‘the family’, only because of addiction, and this has caused the authorities to choose different strategies to eradicate the leech-problem. What proves very crucial among all is the change in people and authorities’ attitudes towards this highly undesirable phenomenon.

This study investigates the relation of breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge and topic familiarity to EFL learners’ success in deriving meaning from context. It intends to determine whether (breadth and depth of) vocabulary knowledge and topic familiarity are related to the learners’ lexical inferencing success, and to investigate which of these variables makes an important contribution to L2 lexical inferencing success. The participants of the study were sixty-five pre-university students in Esfahan, Iran. In two consecutive weeks, version 2 of the Vocabulary Levels Test and the Word-Associate Test were used to measure participants’ breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge, respectively. One week later, the participants received a reading text and attempted to derive the meanings of 10 unknown words from context. After inferencing task, they rated the degree of their familiarity to the text on a Likert-scale questionnaire. Result indicate a significant relationship between vocabulary knowledge and learners’ lexical inferencing as well as a significant relationship between learners’ topic familiarity and their lexical inferencing success. The results further revealed that depth of vocabulary knowledge made a significant contribution to inferential success over and above the contribution made by the learners’ breadth of vocabulary knowledge and their topic familiarity.

Cultural aspects devote a degree of significant importance in translation studies to themselves. This research tries to shed light on three important notions: culture, translation and children's literature (ChL). Translating cultural items has always been a delicate matter for translation scholars; however, translating these items in ChL makes the work more sensitive. The main purpose of the researcher in this study is to focus on the strategies applied by two Persian translators, namely; Hasan Honarmandi and Zoya Pirzaad, when facing CSIs in rendition of the book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". Having discovered 150 CSIs in the book and having sorted them according to Newmark's five categories for CSIs, the researcher found out that "cultural equivalent" was employed more frequently than the other translation strategies by the translators. Finally, by calculating the number of total strategies applied by the translators, the researcher identified that they were inclined toward domestication rather than foreignization in their translations of the book.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between wages, benefits and employees’ commitment. Many factors can influence employees’ commitment but this research only emphasize on wages and benefits. Wages and benefits will encourage employees to be committed and motivates them to perform better. The more employees are well paid or are paid their expected wages, the more employees are willing to express their dedication to the organization. The wages and benefits will be offered based on the job descriptions and specification of the employees. Through this study, employees’ commitment level can be identified by taking into consideration the wages and benefits that received by employee.

The work is devoted to solution of an actual problem – the problem of relation between geometry and natural sciences. Methodological basis of the method of attack is the unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics. It is shown within the framework of this basis that geometry represents field of natural sciences. Definitions of the basic concepts "point", "line", "straight line", "surface", "plane surface", and “triangle” of the elementary (Euclidean) geometry are formulated. The natural-scientific proof of the parallel axiom (Euclid’s fifth postulate), classification of triangles on the basis of a qualitative (essential) sign, and also material interpretation of Euclid’s, Lobachevski’s, and Riemann’s geometries are proposed.

The research was about “The use of English language in teaching and learning of content subjects in selected schools in kicukiro district–Rwanda: implications, challenges and prospects” The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of that new policy on the quality of teaching and learning, problems that affect teaching learning process, solutions and strategies to enhance the said policy. The researcher had used questionnaires and classroom observations as instruments for data collection, stratified random sampling as sampling procedures. The findings showed that the use of English language as the only medium of instruction policy plays a great impact on the effectiveness of teaching and learning. It enhances the better mastery of English language. It also enhances the teaching learning process. On the other hand, English language used as the only medium of instruction discourages the use of a set of languages like Kinyarwanda, French and Swahili among others. The research highlighted a number of problems facing the implementation of the policy like lack of enough adequate materials like English textbooks and English books for specific purposes, lack of enough background knowledge in English language on the side of the learners and lack of enough qualified teachers. As strategies to enhance the using English language as the only medium of instruction, the results of the study showed that more trainings about using English language policy as the only medium for both primary and secondary school teachers, supply of English language books specific to various areas of study, the use of English language in all school activities should enhance the use of English language as the only medium of instruction.

Communication is a complex phenomenon. The attitude that some students have a natural gift for these skills, while others do not, may impede effective curriculum development. Without specific attention, communication skills may actually deteriorate as student’s progress through training. 1.To develop good relationship ( Rapport ) between students and patient.2.To make the B.P.Th students good communicator and good listener,3.To train the students for verbal and non verbal communication skills. The study is conducted at SKNCOPT, Pune .IV B. P.Th (n=20) students participated in the study. Master’s students participated as observers (n= 4) and ( Sp’s )Standardise patient (n= 5). OSCE Checklist was prepared for COPD and validated from senior faculty members of the institute. And also the station for history taking were prepared. In the interpersonal skills section, the pre values are showing statistically significant 95% confidence interval for difference: 9.336 to 13.33 t = 13.087 with 8 degrees of freedom; P < 0.001, highly significant. In History Taking Pre values showing statistically significant. But post lecture results shows 95% confidence interval for difference: 5.724 to 8.836t = 9.656 with 24 degrees of freedom; P < 0.001 highly significant. Thus the study concludes that the Communication skills have a central role in clinical practice and in treating the patients.

This paper is about vertex transitive graphs and their domination related parameters. In particular we establish that all the vertices of a vertex transitive graph have the property that removal of any vertex from the graph either decreases the value of the parameter or does not change the value of the parameter.